An organism having two different alleles for a trait is called a. heterozygote

1. The phenotype of an organism a. represents its genetic composition b. reflects all the traits that are actually expressed c. occurs only in dominant pure organisms d. cannot be seen

2. An organism having two different alleles for a trait is called a. heterozygote   b. homozygous dominant     c. genotype    d. monohybrid cross

3. If an individual possesses two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be a. homozygous for the trait             b. haploid for the trait c. heterozygous for the trait           d. mutated

4. Mendel hypothesized that each trait is controlled by a factor, now called a a. gene     b. mate   c. hybrid    d. dominance

5. T = Tall t = short Give the genotype for each gene combination: TT: tt: Tt: Homozygous dominant Homozygous recessive Heterozygous

6. R = round r = wrinkled Give the allele combinations for the following genotypes: • Heterozygous round seeds • Homozygous round seeds • Wrinkled seeds Give the phenotypes for the following genotypes: 4. RR 5. Rr 6. rr Rr RR rr Homozygous dominant Heterozygous Homozygous recessive

7. Which sequence shows the most complex structure to the least complex structure? • gene – DNA – chromosome • DNA – gene – chromosome • gene – chromosome – DNA • chromosome – gene – DNA

8. 1. Combining DNA from two different organisms is an example of 2. Combining the desirable qualities of 2 different organisms into one is referred to as 3. The process in which genetically identical offspring are produced by using the cells of an organism is called genetic engineering selective breeding cloning

9. 1. The type of selective breeding in which organisms with different traits are crossed is called 2. The type of selective breeding in which organisms with similar traits are crossed to preserve the trait is called Hybridization. inbreeding.

10. What does structure A represent? • What technique is illustrated in the diagram? • 3. What is this technique used for? Gene / DNA Genetic engineering To produce insulin, growth hormone, clotting factors, genetically modified foods

11. The letter X most likely represents (1.)   bacterial cells that are unable to synthesize insulin (2.)   human cells that are able to synthesize antibodies (3.)   bacterial cells that are able to synthesize insulin (4.)   human cells that are unable to resist antibiotics • What is this process an example of? Genetic engineering

12. Genetic engineering has been utilized for the production of • salivary amylase • human growth hormone • hydrochloric acid • uric acid crystals

13. When humans first domesticated dogs, there was relatively little diversity in the species. Today, there are many variations such as the German shepherd and the dalmation. This increase in diversity is most closely associated with • cloning of selected body cells • selective breeding • mitotic cell division • environmental influences on inherited traits

14. Is this a karyotype of a male or female? How do you know? Male Males have the X and Y sex chromosomes