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QUALITY GENETICS in an Alberta Production System 艾伯塔省肉牛生产体系中的 高质量的牛基因 Bruce Viney

QUALITY GENETICS in an Alberta Production System 艾伯塔省肉牛生产体系中的 高质量的牛基因 Bruce Viney. Industry Overview 行业一览 Economic Drivers 高质量牛基因使用的经济驱动力 Production Systems in Alberta 艾伯塔省肉牛的生产体系 -- Describe a Typical System 一 个典型系统的描述 -- Management Considerations 基于管理方面的考虑 Wrap - Up 总结. 2.

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QUALITY GENETICS in an Alberta Production System 艾伯塔省肉牛生产体系中的 高质量的牛基因 Bruce Viney

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  1. QUALITY GENETICS in an Alberta Production System 艾伯塔省肉牛生产体系中的 高质量的牛基因 Bruce Viney

  2. Industry Overview 行业一览 • Economic Drivers 高质量牛基因使用的经济驱动力 • Production Systems in Alberta 艾伯塔省肉牛的生产体系 -- Describe a Typical System一 个典型系统的描述 -- Management Considerations基于管理方面的考虑 • Wrap - Up总结 2

  3. Agriculture and Food Value Chain Facts有关农业和食品价值链的事实 • Alberta is the largest cattle-producing province in Canada. It led the nation in cattle and calf inventories, with 5.9 million head at January 1, 2005 or 39.3% of the national total. • 艾伯塔省是全加拿大最大的肉牛生产省份。艾伯塔省在肉牛和小牛的存栏数量上领先于其他任何省份。截止到2005年1月1日，存栏数达590万头，占全加拿大的39.3% • Alberta farm cash receipts totaled $8.1 billion in 2004, up 16% from 2003. Livestock and livestock products accounted for about one-half of these receipts. • 2004年艾伯塔省农产品现金收入达81亿加元，比2003年上涨了16%，活牛及其制品就占这些收入的一半左右 3

  4. Alberta’s Export Driven Industry艾伯塔省以出口为导向的工业 • Alberta is a landlocked province • 艾伯塔省是一个内陆省份，四面均不靠大海。 • Well suited to growing both forages and grains. • 特别适合种植饲料与谷物 • Cattle have been good value adding processors of bulky grains and forages not suitable for export.不适合出口的散装的谷物与饲料特别适合于饲养肉牛，肉牛又成为高附加值的出口加工产品。 • The beef cattle sector is an effective processor of native grass and forage from marginal lands肉牛行业有效地处理了来自不适合种植庄稼土地上自然生长出来的牧草与饲料 • Cattle enterprises are provide diversity and economic value to grain farms肉牛行业的生产企业为种植谷物的农场提供了经济价值和经营的多元化 4

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  8. FARM BUSINESS OBJECTIVE农场商业目标 商业目标最大化 MAX () where:  = TVP – TFC TVP = Total Value of Product 总产品价值 TFC = Total Factor Cost 总生产要素成本   Maximizing the value of the end product and minimizing the unit cost of production drive management decisions. • 管理决策的驱动力：努力减少单位生产成本，同时尽最大努力力争最终产品价值的最大化。 12

  9. TVP : Total Value of Product 总产品价值 a function of: 受下列影响 - carcass and meat quality 胴体和牛肉的质量 - lean meat yield 瘦牛肉的重量 - total weight sold 被出售的总重量 - market price 市场价格 -supply and demand 供给与需求 13

  10. A The Final Product 最终产品 Wholesome, Nutritious and Safe Food健康的,营养丰富和安全的食品 AA AAA Prime 15

  11. Total Factor Cost 生产要素的总成本 Is a function of: 受下列影响： - genetic capacity and productivity 遗传潜力与生产能力 - average daily gain 日增重 - feed conversion 饲料转化率 - fixed and variable costs 固定成本与可变成本 - Cow productivity 母牛的生产能力 16

  12. Key Productivity Measures: 生产能力的主要质量性状 - kg of weaned calf per kg of cow 每公斤母牛培育犊牛的能力 - Average weaning weight 平均断乳重 - Conception rates 母牛的受孕率 - Culling rates – Cow depreciation母牛的淘汰率 - Body Condition母牛的体况 17

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  14. Desired Cow - Calf Traits 理想状态下的母牛 ---- 小牛特征 • Maternal母牛 • Conception受孕 • Calving Ease产犊顺利程度 • Milk Production产奶量 • Weaning Weight (Growth)断乳重 (生长) • Ability to Store Energy能量蓄积能力 • Sire公牛 • Growth生长 • Market Weight被出售时的体重 • Feed Conversion饲料转化率 • Carcass Yield胴体重 (瘦肉所占重量) • Carcass Quality胴体质量 21

  15. Top Management Priorities : Cow-Calf 最重要的管理方面的优先考虑因素 母牛—小牛 - Feeding Cost饲料成本 - Efficiency,days fed vs. grazing 效益: 喂养天数相对于放牧的天数 - Pasture Cost牧草成本 - Forage quality, quantity, and utilization 牧草质量, 数量和将牧草转化为牛肉的转化率 -Cow Depreciation牛的折旧: - Reproductive Efficiency – Longevity母牛的受孕率和母牛的寿命 22

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  17. Breeding 27

  18. Maintenance 维持需要 Lactation 哺乳 Growth 成长 Reproduction 繁殖 Critical Nutrition Needs 重要的营养需求 28

  19. TYPICAL ALBERTA PRODUCTION SYSTEM 一个典型的艾伯塔省肉牛的生育体系 Natural Breeding - May 22 to July 31 Calving - Mar 1st to May 24th Birth Weight 48kg Nursing 130 - 214 Days 57% 34% 8% Wean in October Background # 2 ADG  =0 .8 DOF = 240 DMC = 163 kg 214 kg ADG 1.1 285 kg Background # 1 ADG  = 2.5  = DOF = 90 DMC = 255 kg Pasture # 1 ADG  = 0.7 DOF = 95 Finish # 1 ADG  = 1.5 DOF = 200 DMC = 5.85 Finish # 2 ADG  = 1.43 DOF = 230 DMC = 5.95 Finish # 3 ADG  = 1.6 DOF = 180 DMC = 5.75 Finish #4 ADG  = 2.0 DOF = 105 DMC = 5.25 575 kg 590 kg 612 kg 635 March - May May - June July -Sept Oct - February Harvest Date 屠宰日期 30

  20. Calving Systems在不同时间母牛产牛犊的特点分析 Early CalvingJanuary – February 冬季 1月至2月 - Requires more feed, bedding and labor需要更多的饲料,牛用草垫(稻草窝)和人工 - Produces heavier calves that demand a higher price母牛产出较重的小牛犊,小牛在市场上能卖出个好价钱 Spring CalvingMarch – April 春季 3月至4月 - weaning weight balance 小牛断奶后,体重分别有重有轻,趋于平衡 - good fit for diversified grain production 特别适合于多样化的谷物生产 Late CalvingJune – July 夏季 6月至7月 - lower winter feeding costs 较低的冬季喂养饲料成本 - Lighter calves 牛犊体重较轻 31

  21. Calf Processing 对犊牛的处理 • Identify calf: 识别犊牛: • Electronic ID Tag and Brand 电子识别标签(耳标) 和烙印 • Remove Horns, Castrate, Vaccinate 去掉牛角,去势并给犊牛注射防疫针 • Use Traditional rope and wrestle, and calf table methods • 其他适当的保定方法 42

  22. Reproduction繁殖 Objective:- 100% of exposed cows in calf目标: 使母牛百分之百怀孕 Key Factors:主要因素: - Nutrition营养 - Winter feeding 冬季饲养 - Post calving body condition 母牛体况 - Genetic Selection 基因选择 - Sound and fertile bulls 身体健壮,受精能力强的公牛 Typical Results – 95 to 97% in calf 显著效果: 95% 至97% 产仔率 48

  23. Weaning 断乳 - Collect and sort cattle with similar characteristics 收集并加以区分具备相同特征的犊牛 - consistent performance 生产的衡定性 - consistent marketing and grading犊牛重量与质量的一致性 - Determine market value and exchange ownership 决定市场价值并卖出犊牛 - transport to feedlots for finishing or growing 运到育肥场使犊牛进一步生长发育或出栏 53

  24. Backgrounding 架子牛饲养 Objectives: 目标: - maximize animal frame and muscle growth 使小牛骨骼和肌肉成长最大化 - generate compensatory gain in the feedlot 在育肥场中高速度地增重 - produce for non-peak market times 在早春或秋季销售从而卖个好价 Typical Results 显著的结果: - ADG 0.7 – 1.0 kg /hd / day 日增重: 0.7 -1.0 公斤/头/天 - DM Conversions: 8 to 10 :1 转化率: 8 -10:1 65

  25. Backgrounding - Pasture Growing架子牛饲养 (通过吃草成长) Objectives:目标: - frame growth 骨骼成长, 小牛长的又大又壮 - harvest rapidly growing forages 让小牛吃每年6月.7月间快速生长的草料 - fewer days on feed at feedlot 在育肥场中呆的时间短一些 - generate compensatory gain 这样就减少了饲料的用量 Typical Results:显著效果 - ADG 1.5 – 2.0 kg/head/day 日增重: 1.5 – 2.0 公斤/头/天 73

  26. Feedlot Finishing 出栏 Objectives:目标 - Maximize rate of gain 最大化日增重 - Maximize feed conversion 饲料最大化转换率 - Maximize carcass yield and grade使胴体中瘦肉的重量和等级最大化 Typical Results: 显著效果 Carcass yields of 60 – 62% 胴体中瘦牛肉所占的比重: 60% -62% ADG 1.5 – 2.0 kg/head/day 日增重: 1.5-2.0 公斤/头/天 Dry Matter Conversions 5 - 7 :1 饲料中干物质转化率: 5 -7 :1 77

  27. Wrap - Up 总结 Strong Genetics and hybrid vigor have contributed to: 优质的基因与不同种群间牛的杂交有助于: - Improved Value of Production 生产价值的提高: - improved lean meat and carcass yield 瘦肉率与供肉量的提高 - more desirable carcass traits 具备更多特点的. 更令人满意的牛肉及其制品 - More Weaned calves annually - Reduced Cost of Production 生产成本的降低 - More beef per cow exposed 每头牛产更多的牛肉 - More feed efficient cow maintenance 更有效的使用饲料(为牛保持健康生长) - Faster and more efficient weight gains in the feedlot 在饲养场中更快的.效益更高的增重 - Growth of the Alberta cattle industry 艾伯塔省肉牛行业的增长速度得以提高 90

  28. Thank You 谢谢！ 96

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