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Unit 7 Chapter 23 Plant Structure and Function

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Unit 7 Chapter 23 Plant Structure and Function

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    1. Unit 7 Chapter 23 Plant Structure and Function

    2. Typical plant cell

    3. Plant Tissues 1) Dermal Tissue For covering and protection, and controlling water loss Examples: epidermis, including cuticle of leaves, guard cells & stomata

    4. Plant Tissues 2) Vascular tissue For transport of food, minerals and water Examples: Xylem (for transporting upward from roots) Phloem (for transporting downward from leaves)

    5. Plant Tissues 3) Ground tissue For storage, food production, strengthening and support Examples: cortex, pith, mesophyll

    6. Plant Tissues 4) Meristematic tissue For production of new cells Examples: growing tips in roots and stems (shoots)

    7. Roots Types of root systems: 1) taproot One main root with branches Ex: carrot 2) fibrous Many small branching roots Ex: grass

    8. Root Structure 1) Root cap Protective covering of root tip 2) Apical Meristem Region of cell division (where mitosis occurs)

    9. Root Structure 3) Epidermis May contain root hairs for increasing surface area 4) Cortex Ground tissue for storage of food and water

    10. Root Structure 5) Endodermis Waterproof cells that control flow of water into vascular tissue 6) Pericycle Produces lateral roots

    11. Root Structure

    12. Stems To support, conduct, and store Arrangement of Vascular Bundles: Monocots Randomly scattered Dicots Radially arranged

    13. Woody stems Bark Composed of cork, phloem, & vascular cambium Wood Composed entirely of xylem tissue Contains annual growth rings Pith (young stems)

    15. Translocation The movement of sugars through the phloem, from the source (origin) to the sink (storage area, such as root or fruit)

    16. Leaves For photosynthesis and transpiration 1) Blade (flat green portion) Simple One undivided blade Compound Blade divided into leaflets 2) Petiole (stalk) Contains vascular tissue, attaches to stem

    17. Leaf structure 3) Epidermis Upper epidermis produces waxy cuticle to prevent water loss Lower epidermis contains guard cells & stomata to control water loss

    18. Leaf structure 4) Mesophyll Photosynthetic tissue made up of palisade & spongy cells 5) Veins Contains xylem & phloem cells

    19. Transpiration Evaporation of water through stomata Plants lose 90% of the water they transport from the roots by transpiration. What happens to the other 10%? When water enters the guard cells, pressure causes them to bow, opening the stoma When water leaves the guard cells, pressure is lost and the cells come together, closing the stoma

    20. Plant hormones Like animals, plants produce hormones to regulate growth & development Hormones are chemicals produced in one part and transported to another to effect a change Examples of plant hormones are Auxin, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, & Ethylene

    21. Tropic responses in plants Tropism is a plant’s response toward a stimulus, such as gravity (gravitropism), light (phototropism) or touch (thigmotropism) Ex: phototropism is the growth of a plant toward light

    22. Nastic responses in plants Nastic movements are NOT dependent on the direction of the stimulus For example: in a Venus’s fly-trap, the insect triggers sensitive hairs on the surface and the leaf snaps shut

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