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Ecology Unit

Ecology Unit. Ecology. Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and the living and nonliving components of their environment. Organisms depend in some way on other living and nonliving organisms. Interdependence. Interdependence- Dependence on each other or one another

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Ecology Unit

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  1. Ecology Unit

  2. Ecology • Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and the living and nonliving components of their environment. • Organisms depend in some way on other living and nonliving organisms.

  3. Interdependence • Interdependence- Dependence on each other or one another • Examples: • Hare and lynx • Hare and grasses/shrubs • Birds and insects

  4. Levels of Organization

  5. Levels of Organization • Biosphere- • broadest; earth and atmosphere that supports life

  6. Levels of Organization • Ecosystem- • all of the organisms and nonliving environment found in a particular place

  7. Levels of Organization • Community- • all interacting organisms living in an area

  8. Levels of Organization • Population- • members of a species that live in one place at a time

  9. Levels of Organization • Organism- • individual

  10. Ecology of Organisms • Biotic vs. Abiotic Factors • Biotic- living factors in the environment • Ex. Plants, animals • Abiotic- non-living factors in the environment • Ex. Climate, soil

  11. Ecology of Organisms • Niche • The specific role, or way of life of a species within its environment • What is the difference between a habitat and a niche?

  12. Exit Slip • An ecosystem contains? • Hunting season on deer increases the amount of grass/shrubs is an example of? (word for things depending on one another) • A biotic factor in a pond is? Abiotic factor?

  13. Ecology of Organisms • Conformers- do not regulate their internal conditions • Regulators- use energy to control some of their internal conditions

  14. Ecology of Organisms • Two ways species can escape unfavorable conditions: • 1. Dormancy- state of reduced activity • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dzz9LZ554NM • 2. Migration- Move to a more favorable habitat

  15. Ecology of Organisms • Generalists • Organisms forage on a variety of food; feed on what is available • Specialists • Focus on a specific food source

  16. Species Interactions • Predation • Predator- organism preys on other organisms • Prey- animal taken by predator as food • Examples?

  17. Why are these animals fast or camouflage?

  18. Adaptations • Predator Adaptations • Adaptations that help predators acquire food • Chemical • Rattlesnack vs. Rat • Camouflage • Chameleon • Speed • Cheetah

  19. Prey Adaptations • Jesus Lizard Adaptations that increase chance of survival Chemical Combat Camouflage Speed Mimicry

  20. Mimicry

  21. Prey AdaptationsMimicry • Batesian • Harmless species mimics a harmful species • Octopus Defense • Mullerian • Two or more species share similar warning colors or attributes

  22. Exit Slip • What are two ways carbon enters the atmosphere? • How is carbon removed from the atmosphere? • Give one example of a predator adaptation and one prey adaptation. • What is the difference in Mullerian and Batesian Mimicry?

  23. Plant Adaptations Defense Catching Prey Venus Fly Trap

  24. What is happening here?

  25. Competition • Interspecific • Competition among members of different species • Ex. Lions and Cheetahs • Prey on the same food (one will have less food)

  26. What is happening here?

  27. Competition • Intraspecific • Competition among members of the same species • Ex. Trees of same species competing for light, nutrients • Ex. Deer fighting for territory and mates

  28. Symbiotic relationship • Parasitism   • One organism benefits, the other is harmed • Ticks and humans/animals

  29. Symbiotic Relationship • Mutualism   • Both organisms benefit • Birds cleaning teeth

  30. Symbiotic Relationship • Commensalism   • One organism benefits, the other is unaffected • Shark and remora fish

  31. Review 1. Example of a biotic and abiotic factor on a farm. 2. What is the niche of a turkey? 3. What is interdependence?

  32. Energy Transfer • Producers • Autotrophs- manufacture food for themselves • Ex. Plants, Bacteria • Consumers • Heterotrophs- get energy by feeding on other organisms

  33. Energy Transfer • Types of Consumers • Herbivore-plants only • Carnivore-meat only • Omnivore-both plants and meat • Detrivores-dead plant and animal matter • Decomposer-break down dead and decaying organic matter

  34. Ecology of Organisms Generalists Specialists Herbivores • Omnivores

  35. Energy Transfer • Trophic Levels • Position an organism occupies in the food chain • What it eats, and what eats it…

  36. Energy Transfer

  37. Food Chain vs. Food Web • Food Chain • Food Web

  38. Biomes • Tundra • Coldest temps • Very little precipitation • Thin topsoil over permafrost • Mosses, small woody plants

  39. Biomes • Taiga • Cold • Low in nutrients • Evergreen trees

  40. Biomes • Temperate Grassland • Good precipitation • Deep layer of topsoil • Rich in nutrients • Most have been transformed to farmland

  41. Biomes • Savanna • Dry, thin topsoil • Tall grasses • Scattered trees

  42. Biomes • Chaparral • Little precipitation • Rocky, thin topsoil • Low nutrients • Shrubs and small trees

  43. Earth’s Layers • The earth is made up of 4 layers: • Biosphere • Atmosphere • Hydrosphere • Geosphere

  44. Atmosphere • 78% Nitrogen • 21% Oxygen • Greenhouse gases

  45. Greenhouse Effect • 1) Energy from the sun passes through the atmosphere and heats the earth’s surface • 2) Some of the heat radiates away from earth • 3) Some of the heat radiates into space • 4) Some heat is absorbed by gases and returned to earth

  46. Hydrosphere • All of the water on earth • Only 3 percent of surface water is freshwater • Most is in the form of glaciers

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