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The New Imperialism 1800-1914 Chapter 24

The New Imperialism 1800-1914 Chapter 24. 24-1 A Western Dominated World. The New Imperialism and its Causes. Not the first time in 1800s Americas, not in Asia or Africa Industrial Revolution fueled it Economic Interests Rubber, petroleum, manganese, and palm oil

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The New Imperialism 1800-1914 Chapter 24

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  1. The New Imperialism1800-1914Chapter 24

  2. 24-1 A Western Dominated World

  3. The New Imperialism and its Causes • Not the first time in 1800s • Americas, not in Asia or Africa • Industrial Revolution fueled it • Economic Interests • Rubber, petroleum, manganese, and palm oil • Political and Military Interests • Bases • prestige

  4. Humanitarian Goals • “little brothers” • Medicine, law, Christianity • Social Darwinism • Racial superiority

  5. The Success of Western Imperialism • Weakness of Nonwestern States • Draining effect of slave trade had undermined established empires • Not strong enough • Western Advantages: • Resistance • Reform culture • Nationalist movements to expel imperialists

  6. Criticism at Home • Why would someone be against imperialism?

  7. Forms of Imperial Rule • Direct v. indirect rule • France v. England • Colonies • Protectorates • Spheres of Influence

  8. 24-2 The Partition of Africa

  9. Africa in the Early 1800s • Diverse • North Africa • Close ties to Islam; declining Ottoman • West Africa • jihad • East Africa • Slavery, ivory, copper • Southern Africa • Shaka Zulu • The Slave Trade • Outlawed in West • Sierra Leone and Liberia

  10. European Contacts Increase • Medicine, steamships • Explorers • Niger, the Nile, Congo • Missionaries • Children in need of guidance

  11. A Scramble for Colonies • King Leopold II of Belgium spoke of a civilized mission to carry the light “that for millions of men still plunged in barbarism will be the dawn of a better era.” --Privately, he dreamed of conquest and profit. • Sent troops to Congo setting off other European nations to rival claims of region.

  12. Berlin Conference • 1884, no Africans • Horrors in the Congo • Forced labor • Brutalizing villagers • Beatings • Population • French Expansion • Tunisia, West and Central Africa • As big as the continental ___

  13. Britain Takes Its Share • Clashed with Boars • By 1910, the British formed the Union of South Africa • Others Join the Scramble • Portugal, Germany, Spanish, Italy, France, Belgium

  14. Africans Resist Imperialism • Ethiopia Survives • How was King Menelik II able to preserve Ethiopia? • Liberia

  15. 24-3 European Challenges to the Muslim World

  16. Stresses in the Muslim World • The Muslim world extended from western Africa to Southeast Asia. In the 1500s, three giant Muslim empires ruled much of this world- the Mughals in ______, the Ottomans in the __________, and the Safavids in ____. • Empires in Decline • Weak central control • Internal conflict

  17. Islamic Reform Movement • European Imperialism • Sphere of influence • Special rights for Europeans

  18. Problems for the Ottoman • European states sought to benefit from the slow crumbling of the Ottoman Empire. • Efforts to Westernize • Railroads • Education • Military • Pros and Cons • Young Turks

  19. Massacre of Armenians • _______ caused Ottoman tension to grow against Armenians, a minority Christian people. • Genocide • Why? • Result:

  20. Egypt Seeks to Modernize • Muhammad Ali • “father of modern Egypt” • Tax collection • Landholding system • Cotton production • Military

  21. The Suez Canal • In 1859, French entrepreneur, Ferdinand de Lessps, organized a company to build the Suez Canal. • Europe to South and East Asia • Egypt’s inability to pay debts led to…

  22. Iran and the European Powers • Began European reform in 1794 to 1925 • Russia and Britain • Sphere of influence • Concessions • Military troops in Iran

  23. 24-4 The British Take Over India

  24. East India Company and Sepoy Rebellion • Exploiting Indian Diversity • Unification problems • weapons • British Policies • Christianity • Caste system • sati • Causes of Discontent • Sepoys travel • Widows • Cartridges

  25. Rebellion and Aftermath • Massacre British • British torched villages • Rule of India shifts to ______. • More troops sent to India

  26. British Colonial Rule • Ruled by viceroys • Justification • Unequal partnership • Cotton, jute, coal • Unequal partnership, favoring the British • Machine made textiles • Forced cash crops

  27. Population Growth and Famine • Benefits of British Rule

  28. Different Views on Culture • Indian Attitudes • Some Indians were impressed • Ram Mohun Roy • Learn from the West • Caste, child marriage, sati, purdah • Western Attitudes • Hinduism and Buddhism • “a single shelf of a good European library is worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia”

  29. Indian Nationalism • Indian National Congress • Supported self-rule but supported western-style modernization • Muslim League • Muslims grew to resent _____ domination of Congress party. • In 1906, Muslims formed the Muslim League. Why?

  30. 24-5 China and the New Imperialism

  31. The Trade Issue • The Canton System • China enjoyed a trade surplus • Westerners had a trade deficit • The Opium War • In the late 1700s England was selling opium to China. • By 1839 China banned the drug. Why? • Chinese easily defeated

  32. Unequal Treaties • Indemnity • Extraterritoriality • Missionaries • colonies

  33. Internal Problems • Declining Qing dynasty • The Taiping Rebellion • Most devastating peasant revolt in history • “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace” • Hong Xiuquan • Wanted reform such as: • Effects • Depopulation • decentralization • Vulnerability

  34. Reform Efforts • Disapproval of western missionaries • Individual choice • Ci Xi • Self Strengthening Movement • Reform with help • War With Japan • Westernization led to Japanese imperialism in 1894 • Taiwan • Spheres of Influence • Open Door Policy • French, British, German • Hundred Days of Reform • Failed, why?

  35. The Qing Dynasty Falls • Anger against Christian and foreigners • Discontent against foreign troops • Boxer Uprising • 1899 The Righteous Harmonious Fists • “foreign devils” • Aftermath of Uprising • Reform • westernization

  36. Three Principles of the People • Sun Yixian • Nationalism • Democracy • livelihood • Birth of a Republic • Ci Xi dies in 1908 • Sun Yixian named president of Chinese republic • For the next 37 years, China was at war internally or externally

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