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The New Imperialism 1869-1914 Chapter 27

The New Imperialism 1869-1914 Chapter 27. The New Imperialism: Motives and Methods. Introduction. The New Imperialism Territorial conquest for reorganization of world economy Food and raw materials Africa Direct Latin America indirect. Political Motives. National Prestige

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The New Imperialism 1869-1914 Chapter 27

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  1. The New Imperialism1869-1914Chapter 27

  2. The New Imperialism: Motives and Methods

  3. Introduction • The New Imperialism • Territorial conquest for reorganization of world economy • Food and raw materials • Africa • Direct • Latin America • indirect

  4. Political Motives • National Prestige • Colonial Agents took initiative

  5. Cultural Motives • Missionary work • Other people believed that Europeans and Americans were superior • Young men wanted adventure • Popular cause • Extension of nationalism

  6. Economic Motives • Industrialization • Demand for goods: minerals, crops, and stimulants • Entrepreneurs • Invest in: plantations, railroads, mines in Africa, Asia, and Latin America • Diplomatic support

  7. The Tools of the Imperialists (Technology) • Industrial revolution made it possible for Europeans and Americans to build the “New Imperialism” • Steamships • Suez Canal • Submarine cables • Quinine • Africa • Machine guns, breechloader, smokeless powder

  8. Colonial Agents and Administration • Colonialism is the system of administering and exploiting colonies for the benefit of the home country • Direct or indirect (protectorate) • Colonial administration • Indigenous elites • Youths trained for modern jobs • Women were not involved in imperialism. When women came to colonies, racial segregation increased. Why?

  9. The Scramble for Africa

  10. Egypt • Egyptian khedives carried out expensive modernization projects. • High interests loans • French and British occupy Egypt for ___ years to secure loans. • Economic development benefited only elite landowners • Western v. Islam

  11. Western and Equatorial Africa • King Leopold II of Belgium • Congo • France • Northern bank • Berlin Conference 1885-86 • Met with resistance • West Africa • Trade networks • Equatorial Africa • Cash crops

  12. Southern Africa • Why was it attractive to European settlers? • English defeated the Zulu and Xhosa • Cecil Rhodes used his British South Africa Company to take over land in central Africa • Rhodesia

  13. British control was consolidated when they defeated the Afrikaners in South African War (1899-1902). • In 1910 the Europeans settlers created the Union of South Africa, the Afrikaners controlled the government and established a system of segregation (apartheid) until the mid 90s.

  14. Political and Social Consequences • Some Africans welcomed Europeans • Some, like Ethiopia resisted 1896 • Menelik II • Colonial Policies • Cash crops • Low paid jobs • urbanization • Hut taxes • Head taxes • Women lost property

  15. Cultural Responses • Missionaries • Practical skills • Contradiction • Islam • Colonization helped spread • Trade, urbanization

  16. Asia and Western Dominance

  17. Central Asia • Between 1865 and 1876 Russia took over nomadic Kazhak’s land. They also took over the oases land of the Qing. • Little effect on the people

  18. Southeast Asia and Indonesia • Burma, Malaya, Indochina, and northern Sumatra were conquered from 1850 to 1900. • Siam independent • Rich in crops • China and Indian • Increase in population • Islam • nationalism

  19. Hawaii and the Philippines1878-1902 • Hawaii annexed in 1898 • Spanish American War • Philippines annexed in 1898 • Aguinaldo led rebellion against U.S.

  20. Imperialism in Latin America

  21. Railroads and the Imperialism Free Trade • Latin America’s natural resources made them targets for free trade imperialism. • England and the U.S.’s entrepreneurs financed railroads in order to exploit the agricultural and mineral wealth of Latin America.

  22. American Expansionism and the Spanish American War, 1898 • Monroe Doctrine • Kept out Europeans • Latin America all to myself • Spanish-American War • Puerto Rico • Cuba

  23. American Intervention in the Caribbean and Central America, 1901-1914 • Military intervention to encourage repayments of loans. • U.S. occupation of: • Cuba, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Haiti • Panama Canal 1903

  24. The World Economy and the Global Environment

  25. Expansion of the World Economy • Imperialists brought their colonies into the mainstream of the world market. • Canals, steamships, harbor improvements, railroads

  26. Transformation of the Global Environment • Economic changes • Deforestation • Transported plants • Irrigation • Increased population • Demand for gold, iron and other minerals led to mining booms that brought toxic run-off from open mines.

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