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Medieval Europe

Medieval Europe. Medieval Worlds. I. Charlemagne and the Carolingian Dynasty Territorial Expansion Reforms Relationship with Church and Papacy The Legacy of his Empire II. Feudalism Definitions Vassalage Serfdom Commercial Expansion. Europe in the sixth century, ca. 565.

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Medieval Europe

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  1. Medieval Europe

  2. Medieval Worlds I. Charlemagne and the Carolingian Dynasty • Territorial Expansion • Reforms • Relationship with Church and Papacy • The Legacy of his Empire II. Feudalism • Definitions • Vassalage • Serfdom • Commercial Expansion

  3. Europe in the sixth century, ca. 565

  4. Growth of Islam by Eighth Century Martel turns back Muslims at Poitiers by 732

  5. Charlemagne, King of the Franks (768–814) • Territorial expansion • Alcuin and educational reforms • The missi dominici • Crowning of Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III, Christmas 800 • Carolingian Dynasty (751–987) Charlemagne

  6. Coronation of Charlemagne by Pope Leo III, 800

  7. Life after Charlemagne Louis the Pious (r. 814-840) m. Ermengard Lothar (b. 817-855) Pepin (d. 838) Louis the German (d.876) Louis the Pious m. Judith of Bavaria Charles the Bald (d. 877) Louis the Pious’s Hopes of Empire & the Problems of Salic Law

  8. Partition of Carolignian Empire Pepin d. 838 Treaty of Verdun843 Lothar – Lotharingia Charles –West Francia Louis –East Francia Lothar retains imperial title Fragmentation of Empire & Enhancement of Papacy

  9. Late 9th to 10th centuries Invasion from all sides: Northmen, Magyars, and Moors

  10. 10th century invaders: Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars 10th Century German Castle along the Rhine River

  11. III. Feudalism • Definitions • Vassalage • Serfdom • Commercial Expansion

  12. Feudalism: Europe between the 9th and 12th centuries What’s in a Word? Feodum: fief feudalism • Vertical hierarchies • Lord and serf • King and subject • Horizontal hierarchies • Orders of knights • Peasant communities • Guilds Vassal and Lord

  13. Feudalism • Vassals, lords, and counts • Contractual Relations • Act of Homage and Oaths of fealty • Reward of benefices & fiefs • Obligations of Service • Military & Aids

  14. Vassalage • act of homage • “I promise to be your man” • 2) Promise of fealty • Fidelity, trust and service with • His hand on relics or a bible • 3) Sealed by a Kiss • **voluntary contract

  15. Manorialism Manorialism refers to a system whereby the land (or manor) was owned by the lord and was parceled out to individual peasants who farmed it. In return for the land, peasants made payments to the lord in the form of money, crops, and services. Manorialism established a social and political order that paralleled hierarchies of feudalism.

  16. Peasants and Serfdom • A System of Obligations between Lord and Peasant • Most free in Carolingian Period • Hereditary System by 10th century

  17. Feudalism • The manor • Agricultural improvements • Moldboard plow • Horse collar • 3 field system A German Medieval village

  18. Peace, Stability, & Economic Revival by 11th c • The Peace of God (by 1050) • “No man in the counties or bishoprics shall seize a horse, colt, ox, cow, ass, or the burdens which it carries… No one shall seize a peasant man or woman” (990) • Punishment: excommunication from entire community • Result– Limit violence • The Truce of God (by 1050) • No fighting between warriors at certain times • Sunday(Lord’s Day), Saturday (Holy Saturday) • Thursday (Holy Thursday), Friday (Good Friday)

  19. Commercial Networks

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