Fluke Process Tools Family

1. Fluke Process Tools Family Price IntrinsicSafe Pressure Documenting Multifunction Loop ProcessMeters Temperature Performance

2. What is Calibration? • Calibration is the comparing of a measurement device ( an unknown) against an equal or better standard ( or reference ) • The measurements and specifications of both the standard and unknown are documented to promote Traceability • Traceability is an unbroken chain of comparison from the measurement being done to a recognized national, legal standard.

3. Traceability NIST • Unbroken chain of calibration measurements from an Instrument to National Standards • With documented proof of the chain of calibrations

4. Why Calibrate? Uniformity Quality Compliance

5. Why Calibrate? +1% A 0% B -1% 90 days 180 Days 270 days 1 Year

6. Benefits of Calibration • Calibration insures all independent processes are NOW working to the same set of standards • Calibration insures these processes STAYworking to the same set of standards • Calibration supports product quality and SAVESmoney

7. Quality and measurement • Cannon balls must the right size • Too small - fall short • Too large - don’t fit cannon • Not round - lose accuracy • Wrong weight - wrong trajectory • Without calibrated measurements, quality is uncertain

8. 4-20 mA Process Control 4-20 mA Signal from Valve positioner ADC DAC Transmitter I to P Pneu. Supply Temperature Alarm Valve Pressure Alarm Switch Final Control Element Uniformity relies on calibrated Instruments

9. Why instruments change • All instruments and tools change with • Time • Temperature • Humidity • Environmental Exposure • Normal Use (Wear and Tear) • Abuse • No two instruments change in the same manner

10. Example of transmitter specifications Instrumentation performance can change because of many factors

11. Does your .1% transmitter really perform with only a .1% error? List Transmitter Specifications Specifications Transmitter A Transmitter B Upper Range Limit (URL) 300 inH O 300 inH O 2 2 Accuracy 0.2% of span 0.1% URL Basic Specs of .2% & .1% Temperature Effect Zero 0.5% of URL per 100°F Span 0.5% of span per 100°F 1 Total 1.0% of URL per 100°F Static Pressure Effect Zero 0.25% of URL per 2000psi 0.25% of URL per 2000psi Span 0.25% of reading per 1000psi 0.25% of span per 1000psi 1 Total Define Operating Conditions Calibrated Span 0 to 100 inH O 2 Expected Temperature Change 50 °F Expected Static Change 500 psig Expected Reading 75 inH O 2 Convert all of the errors into common terms: Specifications Transmitter A Transmitter B Accuracy 0.2% x 100 = ±0.2 in H O 0.1% x 300 = ±0.3 in H O 2 2 Temperature Effect Zero 0.5% x 300 x 50/100 = ±0.75 in H O 2 Span 0.5% x 100 x 50/100 = ±0.25 in H O 2 1 Total 0.75 + 0.25 = 1.0 H O 1.0% x 300 x 50/100 = ±1.5 inH O 2 2 Static Pressure Effect Zero 0.25% x 300 x 500/2000 = ±0.19 inH O 0.25% x 300 x 500/2000 = ±0.19 inH O 2 2 Give a Working Performance of 1% & 1.5% !! Span 0.25% x 75 x 500/1000 = ±0.094 inH O 0.25% x 100 x 500/1000 = ±0.12 inH O 2 2 1 Total 2 2 2 Calculate Total Probable Error (TPE = SQRT(A +B +C ...) Transmitter A Transmitter B 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 TPE SQRT((0.2) +(1.00) +(0.19) +(0.094) ) SQRT((0.3) +(1.5) +(0.19) +(0.12) ) =1.55% ±1.04% for 100 inH O span for 100 inH O span 2 2 Technical Comparison Courtesy Of Fisher Rosemount Application Information

12. What are Specifications? • A written description of an instruments performance in quantifiable terms • Apply to the population of instruments having the same model number • Are based on the performance statistics of a sufficiently large sample of instruments • Describe group performance parameters rather than that for a single , specific instrument.

13. Resolution • Resolution: The smallest change in quantity that can be detected or provided by an instrument. Example: Ideal

14. Error • Error: The difference between the indicated and ideal value of a measured quantity Error = Indicated - Ideal Example: Error Indicated Ideal

15. Precision • Precision: A measure of the consistency or repeatability of a series of measurements Example: Ideal

16. Accuracy • Accuracy: The degree of conformity of an indicated value to a recognized, accepted standard value, or ideal value Example: Ideal

17. Accuracy and Uncertainty • Accuracy and Uncertainty are complimentary • taken literally, Accuracy is defined as “exactness; correctness” • an Accuracy of 99.9% has an Uncertainty of .1% • Accuracy in measurements refers to the closeness of a measurement result to the true value. • Accuracy becomes “the largest error that will be allowed under specific operating conditions”. • “the accuracy is 1%” is intended to mean that the limits of inaccuracy are plus or minus 1% • Be aware of “% of full scale” verses “% of reading” • Be aware of Typical verse Worst Case specifications • Be aware of temperature range over which specification applies

18. Accuracy: Simple Calculations • Given a truck with 200 gallon gas tank where the gauge accuracy is 1% of full scale • Accuracy = 1% of full scale = plus or minus 2 gallons • reading of 100 gallons could be 102 or 98 gallons (2% off) • reading of 10 gallons could be 8 or 12 gallons (20% off) • Same truck, gauge accuracy is 1% of reading • Accuracy = 1% = plus or minus 1% of value read • reading of 100 gallons could be 101 or 99 gallons • reading of 10 gallons could be 10.1 or 9.9 gallons

19. Accuracy: Digital Meter Calculations • Absolute accuracy includes a ‘floor’ figure • expressed as “+ Y” range of digits or counts • “ +2 ” digits on a 100.0 reading could be a true value of : X% of input + Y digits 100.2 100.1 100.0 99.9 99.8

20. Accuracy: Fluke 787 Process Meter Measuring 4mA DC .05% + 2 Specification: 30mA Range (spec’d as % of reading) • Step 1: 4mA * .05% = 4mA * .0005 = .002mA or 2uA • Step 2: 30.000 mA range has .001mA resolution; • therefore “+2” counts = .002mA or 2uA Step 3: Total worst case deviations = .004mA Absolute Accuracy on 4mA = .004mA, or .001 or .1% Worst case limits between 4.004mA and 3.996mA

21. Accuracy: Fluke 787 Process Meter Measuring 20mA DC .05% + 2 Specification: 30mA Range (spec’d as % of reading) • Step 1: 20mA * .05% = 20mA * .0005 = .01mA or 10uA • Step 2: 30.000 mA range has .001mA resolution; • therefore “+2” counts = .002mA or 2uA Step 3: Total worst case deviations = .012mA Absolute Accuracy on 20mA = .012mA, or .0006 or .06% Worst case limits between 20.012mA and 19.988mA

22. Current loop devices • Transmitters • Temperature, pressure, flow, analytical • I to P, 4-20 mA input, 3-15 PSI output • Control Valves • PLC and DCS analog Inputs • Indicators • Controllers • Flow computers • Chart recorders • PLC: Programmable Logic Controller • DCS: Distributed Control System

23. Loop troubleshooting and maintenance tools

24. Tools used to Troubleshoot and Calibrate Current Loop instruments used in industrial processes 2200 ºC What Loop Tools Do? Current Loop 4 to 20mA analog (2 wire) signal for communication between instruments, controllers, and indicators Instrumentation Transmitter SENSOR 2 2 5 2 span zero Controller PLC, DCS Indicator CONTROL ELEMENT

25. Sensor ZERO SPAN T-Type Thermocouple Transmitter 0 to 300 Deg C Applications: Typical Transmitter • Converts low level, non-linear signal to linear 4 - 20 mA • Millions in service, require service and calibration

26. Loop 24V Loop 24V Troubleshooting the 4-20 mA loop Temperature Transmitter Pressure Transmitter

27. Loop 24V Loop 24V Troubleshooting the 4-20 mA loop Don’t “Break the loop” In series, “Break the loop” Temperature Transmitter Pressure Transmitter

28. 2200 ºC Loop Supply ZERO SPAN Fluke 789 Applications: Measure Loop Current • Fluke 789 measures external current • Current and % readout • 1 microamp resolution, high accuracy Sensor 4 to 20 mA Readout / Controller DCS / PLC / Recorder

29. Loop 24V Loop 24V Troubleshooting the 4-20 mA loop Temperature Transmitter Pressure Transmitter

30. Current to Pressure (I/P) 3-15 psi 4-20 mA Fluke 789 Applications: Source Current Signals • 789 outputs current • Current and % readout • 1 microamp resolution • 25% steps, course and fine • Ramp current

31. 20 4 Stroke Valves • Fluke 789 outputs current • Ramp current • Step Current • Watch control element 4-20 mA

32. Loop 24V Loop 24V Troubleshooting the 4-20 mA loop Simulate a transmitter in a loop, regulate current Temperature Transmitter Pressure Transmitter

33. Sensor 2200 ºC Loop Supply ZERO SPAN Fluke 789 Applications:Simulate Transmitter Signals • 789 ‘throttles’ or controls current, acts like variable resistor • Current and % readout • 1 microamp resolution • 25% steps, course and fine, ramp 4 to 20 mA Readout / Controller DCS / PLC / Recorder

34. Loop 24V Loop 24V Troubleshooting the 4-20 mA loop 24.000 VDC Temperature Transmitter Pressure Transmitter

35. Loop 24V Loop 24V Troubleshooting the 4-20 mA loop Temperature Transmitter Pressure Transmitter

36. The Fluke 787 - The Premier DMM for Process Technicians • Professional Quality DMM • AC/DC volts - 1000 Volts • AC/DC Amps - 440mA (1A, < 30 sec) • Ohms • Continuity, Diode check • Frequency • Backlight • Safety - Cat III 1000V • 0.1% VDC, 0.05% mA Accuracy • 0-22 mA Current Source • 1 microAmp Resolution and Adjustment • Auto Ramping and Stepping

37. Dependable Fluke 787 • The Fluke 787 is a hit... • But customers asked for more • 24 volt loop supply • drive 1200 ohms in mA source • slower auto step • 5 volt ranging

38. The more powerful Fluke 789 • The Fluke 789 delivers all of that and more • 24 volt loop supply • drive 1200 ohms in mA source • slower auto step • 5 volt ranging • larger, brighter display • longer battery life • easier calibration; manual procedure • calibration seal • selectable 250 ohm HART resistor

39. Introducing the new: Fluke 771 mA Process Clamp Meter Innovative new approach to measuring mA loop signals • Measure mA signals without breaking the loop • Best in class mA measurement accuracy and resolution • Save time and money troubleshooting PLC analog I/O and process loops • Detachable clamp with extension cable • Dual display with both mA and % of span readouts • Measurement spotlight illuminates hard to see wires. Measure 4-20 mA signals without breaking the loop.

40. Fluke 771 Features & Benefits

41. Fluke 771 features & benefits

42. Troubleshoot and Commission Fluke 771 Applications Instrumentation, Automation and PLCs: • Transmitters • Valves, I/Ps, other 4-20 mA devices • Analog I/O • PLC Analog I/O • DCS Analog I/O • Building Automation and HVAC controls • Measure mA control signals on terminal blocks quickly • without shutting down the system

43. Cost Justification, Cost Savings • No need to lift a wire from a terminal (break the loop) to measure 4-20 mA • Not need to call a control room to override control of a process loop to breaking the loop • Confirm operation of analog I/O for a PLC or DCS without the need to verify at a display or break the loop

44. Fluke 771 Summary • Best in class mA accuracy and resolution • 0.2% and 0.01 mA • Unique value--cost payback proposition • Feature rich: • Measurement hold, extension cable, spotlight, backlight • Uniquely targeted to process/HVAC user needs • mA and percent of 4-20 mA span displays • Best accuracy at 4-20 mA measurements • Over ranges to 99.9 mA to support 10-50 mA applications Innovative new mA measurement tool