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MECOPTERA (scorpionflies)

SIPHONAPTERA (fleas). MECOPTERA (scorpionflies). So far in classification. Exopterygota. Head with gula. Neuropteroid Orders. mandibulate. Hymenoptera. Diptera. 2. Neoptera. Wings. larvae without legs. 4. Mecoptera. Head without gula. Siphonaptera. No wings. rostrate.

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MECOPTERA (scorpionflies)

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  1. SIPHONAPTERA (fleas) MECOPTERA (scorpionflies)

  2. So far in classification Exopterygota Head with gula Neuropteroid Orders mandibulate Hymenoptera Diptera 2 Neoptera Wings larvae without legs 4 Mecoptera Head without gula Siphonaptera No wings rostrate - Lepidoptera Wings with scales Mecopteroid orders larvae with legs - Trichoptera Wings with hairs

  3. Hexapod Orders Siphonaptera Siphon - tube, aptera - wingless Number of Species 2,400 Common names Fleas Typical habitats Ectoparasites of birds and mammals Distinguishing characteristics -wingless -parasites -siphoning mouthparts -jumping legs -laterally flattened Other features

  4. Mecoptera - Phylogeny Diptera 2 Wings larvae without legs 4 Mecoptera Siphonaptera No wings - Lepidoptera Wings with scales larvae with legs - Trichoptera Wings with hairs

  5. Mecoptera

  6. Siphonaptera - Fleas Boreidae - Mecoptera

  7. Fleas - Distinguishing Features Wingless Sucking mouthparts Antennae retractible Jumping legs

  8. Fleas - Life Cycle Pupal stage lasts ~ 7 days Larva feeds on organic matter for ~24 days Natural habitat Eggs hatch in ~ 4 days Adult Eggs drop off host

  9. Flea Numbers

  10. Flea Bites

  11. Fleas - Disease Transmission Bubonic Plague (Black Death)

  12. Three separate diseases (Same bacteria) Bubonic plague -- an infection of the lymph nodes Pneumonic plague -- an infection of the lungs Septicemic plague -- an infection of the blood

  13. Fleas - Disease Transmission Yersinia pestis

  14. Fleas - Disease Transmission Silk Road reservoir

  15. Fleas - Disease Transmission Animated map

  16. Fleas - Disease Transmission

  17. Hexapod Orders Mecoptera Mecos - long, ptera - wing Number of Species 600 Common names Scorpionflies, hanging flies Typical habitats Forests Distinguishing characteristics -mouthparts on a snout -swollen terminal segment with ‘stinger’ Other features

  18. Fossil Mecoptera

  19. Parasitic Mecoptera - Jurassic May have been ectoparasites of early birds and feathered dinosaurs Strashila

  20. Diversity in Mecoptera Bittacidae

  21. Mecoptera - Distribution Panorpidae Bittacidae

  22. Distinguishing features Expanded male genital capsule

  23. Distinguishing features Mouthparts on a snout

  24. Relationship to Siphonaptera Boreidae

  25. Families Panorpidae Bittacidae

  26. Generalized Mecopteran Life Cycle Eggs dropped on ground (Panorpidae, Bittacidae) or laid in moss (Boreidae) Hatch & 4 larvae instars Mating 4th instar larva – digs earthen cell and becomes quiescent (few weeks to several months) Pupate

  27. Mating Behaviour in Scorpionflies Captures a prey item and offers it as a nuptial gift Involve pheromones Male Secretes salivary mass onto leaves Forced copulation

  28. Salivary glands of Panorpa Male Female

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