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Ebola Virus Disease

Ebola Virus Disease. EVD Description. Hemorrhagic fever with case fatality rate up to 90% Endemic areas: Central and West Africa Wildlife reservoir: bats implicated No cases in humans ever reported in U.S. Transmission.

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Ebola Virus Disease

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  1. Ebola Virus Disease

  2. EVD Description • Hemorrhagic fever with case fatality rate up to 90% • Endemic areas: Central and West Africa • Wildlife reservoir: bats implicated • No cases in humans ever reported in U.S.

  3. Transmission • Direct contact with bodily fluids from infected person or contaminated objects (e.g. needles) • Incubation period: usually 8-10 days (range 2-21 days) • High-risk individuals • Health care workers • Family members or others in close contact with EVD patients • Can spread quickly in health care settings

  4. Signs and Symptoms • Early signs non-specific: fever, malaise, weakness, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea • Late signs: bleeding, multi-organ dysfunction leading to shock and death

  5. Diagnosis • Complicated by non-specific early symptoms • BSL-3 lab required (BSL-4 for virus isolation)

  6. Response • Treatment • Supportive only • Prompt treatment important • Prevention • Standard, contact, droplet precautions • Contact tracing, monitoring for 21 day incubation period • Immediate isolation of ill contacts • Disinfection of contaminated surfaces, objects by standard methods • No vaccine available

  7. Public Health Messaging • Identify population at-risk: those with recent history of travelto endemic areas • Health care providers • Should have low threshold of suspicion among travelers returning from endemic areas • Barrier precautions successfully prevent spread • Travelers • Should be aware of risk of EVD in endemic areas • Avoid exposure to risk factors (caves or mines inhabited by bats, healthcare settings where EVD is present, close contact with EVD patients)

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