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Truth and Dualism

Truth and Dualism. TEST YOURSELF. Plato. What do we know so far?. Plato’s view of truth…. If something is true, it is always true - yesterday, today and in the future too. If something is true, it is true everywhere. If something is true, it is true for everyone. Example Truth claims:

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Truth and Dualism

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  1. Truth and Dualism

  2. TEST YOURSELF Plato What do we know so far?

  3. Plato’s view of truth… • If something is true, it is always true - yesterday, today and in the future too. • If something is true, it is true everywhere. • If something is true, it is true for everyone. • Example Truth claims: • On 5th November 1605, Guy Fawkes tried to blow up parliament. • Ducks are animals. TEST THE CLAIMS!

  4. TEST YOURSELF Plato believed that truth is… gained through reason and logic Stranger than fiction finite absolute permanent impermanent relative temporary universal eternal changeable gained through sense experience How does this link to Christianity?

  5. The Empirical World is…. The name for the world in which we live - the physical world of sense experience; everything we can see, feel, touch, taste or hear. Unlike truth, Plato believed that everything in the empirical world is in a state of flux (change) and is temporary (doesn’t last forever). Can you think of your own example? EXTEND Test Plato’s claim about the empirical world by seeing if you can think of a counter-example (something you can sense, but that isn’t temporary or changeable).

  6. Plato believed The Empirical World is…. TEST YOURSELF non-physical absolute finite impermanent permanent temporary in a state of flux immutable changeable eternal the world of our sense experience

  7. TEST YOURSELF Plato’s logical argument: • Everything in the empirical world is in a state of flux and impermanence. • Truth is _____________________________. Therefore; • Truth cannot be found in the empirical world. EXTEND Is this argument a priori or a posteriori? Why?

  8. Plato concluded that truth must be found in another world - a world of eternal and immutable (unchanging) absolutes. The Realm of the Forms REALM of the FORMS TEST YOURSELF How does this link to Plato’s dualist ontology?

  9. As the world of truth, Plato believed The Realm of the Forms is…. TEST YOURSELF absolute finite permanent impermanent temporary in a state of flux changeable eternal the world of our sense experience

  10. Why would it also be non-physical?

  11. TEST YOURSELF “The philosopher is in love with truth, that is, not with the changing world of sensation, which is the object of opinion, but with the unchanging reality which is the object of knowledge.” Plato Opinion Knowledge Philosopher EXTEND Research Plato’s ‘divided line’ between knowledge and opinion (found in his Republic). Do you think Plato believed Rationalism led to knowledge or opinion only? What about Empiricism?

  12. TEST YOURSELF Appearance and Reality Appearance Reality EXTEND How does this idea link to the criticisms of Empiricism?

  13. TEST YOURSELF Plato’s Analogy of the Cave

  14. Strengths • The idea of truth being absolute seems to fit with many people’s idea of what it is for something to be true.

  15. It encourages us to question in order to learn and not to accepts things at face value

  16. Weaknesses • Truth may not be absolute and universal, but rather relative. EXTEND Research the Parable of the Elephant and the Blind Men. What does this teach about truth? How? How might it be different from Plato’s concept of truth?

  17. How might a materialist respond to all of this? Hume: There is no other level of reality - what we see is the only reality and there is no evidence otherwise.

  18. Aristotle: not enough emphasis placed on this world.

  19. relative Word Splat absolute immutable universal Realm of the Forms truth permanent flux Empirical world unchanging

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