3/11/2010

1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: White Blood Cell Counter Prepared by: Chris Hall Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University E: chris.hall@aggiemail.usu.edu ; T: (435)770-2951; F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.) 3/11/2010

2. Outline • Reference list • To probe further • Major applications • Basic working principle illustrated • A typical sample configuration in application (application notes) • Major specifications • Limitations • And many more relevant issues in applications (such as, how to choose, cost information, where to buy etc.) ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

3. Reference list • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_count • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_analyzer • http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/532108_sidebar1ytes/cbc/test.html ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

4. Reference list • http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/anal • http://www.howstuffworks.com/cbc-dictionary.htm • http://www.rnceus.com/cbc/cbcwbc.html • http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/platelet/test.html ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

5. To explore further (survival pointers of web references etc) • http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-98463202.html • http://www.medicinenet.com/complete_blood_count/article.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulter_principle • http://www.beckmancoulter.com/coultercounter/homepage_tech_coulter_principle.jsp ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

6. A typical sample configuration in application • Software configuration examples http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CBC_report.JPG http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xe2100screenshotlarge.png ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

7. A typical sample configuration in application • Hardware configuration examples http://www.gmi-inc.com/Abbott-Cell-Dyn-3700-Hematology-Analyzer.html http://www.gmi-inc.com/Abbott-Cell-Dyn-3700-Hematology-Analyzer.html ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

8. Basic Working Principles Illustrated • In Blood Cell Counters two main types of analysis are done • Electrical analysis • Optical analysis • The information from both methods is used together for validation as well as to increase accuracy ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

9. Basic Working Principles Illustrated • Electrical analysis: • Diluted blood passed through small aperture, thin enough that cells pass through one at a time, with electric current • Cells going through the current changes the impedance, creating a cell count • Red blood cells are lysed by lytic reagent, leaving the white blood cells and platelets • The remaining solution goes through another aperture • The platelets are so small they can be counted separately just by the difference in impedance ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

10. Basic Working Principles Illustrated • Electrical analysis continued: • The first and second counts are compared (a differential count) to create a red blood cell and white blood cell count http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/532108_sidebar1 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

11. Basic Working Principles Illustrated • Optical detection • Dilute suspension of cells is passed through a capillary tube, which passes cells one at a time • Laser beam strikes the tube • Light reflectance, transmission and scattering of light from each cell is analyzed by software • Distribution of cell populations is estimated ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

12. Basic Working Principles Illustrated • Optical detection • Dilute suspension of cells is passed through a capillary tube, which passes cells one at a time • Laser beam strikes the tube • Light reflectance, transmission and scattering of light from each cell is analyzed by software • Distribution of cell populations is estimated http://www.abcam.com/ps/CMS/Images/Flow-Cytometry-Diagram2.jpg ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

13. Major applications • Automated cell counters analyze blood through: • Sampling • Quantifying • Classifying • Describing cell populations ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

14. Major applications • Using this machine several health problems can be diagnosed • Infection • Malignancy • Bone marrow problems • These machines are used by doctors in every major hospital to check up on their patients blood ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

15. Major applications • Most automated blood cell counters measure or calculate the following parameters: • hemoglobin content of RBCs • hematocrit • RBC count • mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of RBCs • mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) • mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) • platelet count • mean platelet volume • WBC count with differential. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

16. Major specifications • Samples per hour • Adjustable parameters • Size and weight vary significantly • Ease of data analysis • Data export options • Software compatibility ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

17. Limitations • Can’t identify/classify irregularities in cells which must often be done to properly identify a disease, this must be done manually • Blood put through the system is not reusable • There is limitations for how much blood a machine can process at a time, usually around 100 samples / hour ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

18. How to Choose • Ease of use • Graphical interface • Samples processed per hour • Availability adjustable parameters • Software compatibility • Budget • Throughput requirements ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

19. how to choose, cost information, where to buy • Medonic M16S/M20S Autoloader • Call for bid (http://www.medonic.se/index.php?Itemid=87&id=25&option=com_content&task=view) • Sysmex XE • New $107,000 (http://www.sysmex.com/US/521.htm) • Used $15,000 (http://www.dotmed.com/listing/756109?utm_source=base&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=Base ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

20. how to choose, cost information, where to buy • Cell Dyn 3700 • New: Call for quote (http://www.gmi-inc.com/Abbott-Cell-Dyn-3700-Hematology-Analyzer.html) • Used $9,500 (http://www.dotmed.com/listing/758413?utm_source=base&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=Base) • Beckman Coulter LH 700 series • New $126,886.10 (http://www.claflinequip.com/ProductDetail/?productid=3410&cmpid=SPN0006400002) • Used $18,000 (http://www.medwow.com/used-hematology-analyzer/beckman-coulter/lh-700-series-lh-750/743395864.item) ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

21. how to choose, cost information, where to buy • Mindray BC 3200 • New Contact for pricing information (http://www.mindray.com/main/products/show.jsp?catalogID=56&id=39) • Used $14,000 (http://www.dotmed.com/listing/758112?utm_source=base&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=Base) ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators