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Cell #1

Cell #1. Program instructions, don’t run. Cell #2. Used to load a Statistical Package. Cell #3. Defines standard normal pdf and cdf functions. Ignore spelling warning. Cell #4. Cell #4

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Cell #1

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  1. Cell #1 Program instructions, don’t run Cell #2 Used to load a Statistical Package Cell #3 Defines standard normal pdf and cdf functions Ignore spelling warning

  2. Cell #4 Cell #4 Clears existing values of variables that may have been used in other programs. Then defines function that is proportional to the pdf of Z.

  3. Cell #5 Defines actual values from relevant clinical data and parameters of interest. μ10 is set by u10 and σ is set by s. Cell #6 Defines the initial values for the endpoints of the integral, a & b.

  4. Cell #7 Creates a plot of the distribution of Z on [a, b]. If the plot indicates that the interval is not wide enough, values of a & b need to be manually set (trial and error) so that most of the distribution is captured before proceeding with additional Cells. Make sure most of the distribution is captured.

  5. Cell#8 Finds the normalization constant, (1/cN), and defines the pdf of Z, p[z]. Cell #9 Defines the cdf of Z, P[z]. The warnings can be ignored in version 4.

  6. Cell #10 This cell finds the qth quantile of the distribution, i.e. finds z such that P[z] = q. In the example below, the 95th percentile of the distribution is found to be 329.779. This typically would be the 5% critical value for a one-sided alternative hypothesis, e.g. HA: μ10 > 0.

  7. Cell #11 Finds the various p-values that are typically of interest to researchers

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