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A TOUR OF THE CELL

A TOUR OF THE CELL. A TOUR OF THE CELL. MICROSCOPES PROVIDE WINDOWS TO THE WORLD OF THE CELL THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROSCOPES COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE. A TOUR OF THE CELL. A TOUR OF THE CELL. COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

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A TOUR OF THE CELL

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  1. A TOUR OF THE CELL

  2. A TOUR OF THE CELL • MICROSCOPES PROVIDE WINDOWS TO THE WORLD OF THE CELL • THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROSCOPES • COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

  3. A TOUR OF THE CELL

  4. A TOUR OF THE CELL • COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE • PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE • ELECTRON MICROSCOPE • SCANNING VS. TRANSMISSION

  5. A TOUR OF THE CELL • RESOLUTION VS MAGNIFICATION

  6. A TOUR OF THE CELL • FIELD OF VIEW • MICRONS (MICROMETERS) • LOW POWER F.O.V. VS HIGH POWER F.O.V

  7. A TOUR OF THE CELL • CELL SIZE VARIES WITH FUNCTION • CHICKEN EGG VS HUMAN EGG • WHAT’S THE LONGEST CELLAROUND?

  8. A TOUR OF THE CELL • NATURAL LAWS LIMIT CELL SIZE • WHAT’S THE MINIMUM SIZE FOR A CELL? • WHAT’S THE MAXIMUM SIZE FOR A CELL? • THE SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO DILEMMA

  9. A TOUR OF THE CELL • PROKARYOTIC CELLS • DEFINITION??

  10. A TOUR OF THE CELL • PROKARYOTIC CELL ORGANELLES • NUCLEOID • RIBOSOMES • PLASMA MEMBRANE • CELL WALL • CAPSULE • PILI • FLAGELLUM

  11. A TOUR OF THE CELL • EUKARYOTIC CELLS • DEFINITION??

  12. A TOUR OF THE CELL • WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE TO HAVING MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES? • CYTOPLASM? • ORGANELLES? • MOST ORGANELLES OVERLAP/EXIST IN BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS • EXCEPTIONS?? • CHLOROPLASTS, CELL WALLS, LYSOSOMES, CENTRIOLES

  13. A TOUR OF THE CELL • HOW ARE WE GOING TO SORT THROUGH ALL OF THESE ORGANELLES? • ONE AT A TIME!!!

  14. A TOUR OF THE CELL • THE NUCLEUS • THE GENETIC CONTROL CENTER OF THE CELL

  15. A TOUR OF THE CELL • THE NUCLEUS • THE GENETIC CONTROL CENTER • DNA?? • CHROMATIN?? • CHROMOSOMES?? • NUCLEAR ENVELOPE?? • NUCLEOLUS??

  16. A TOUR OF THE CELL • THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM • NETWORK OF ORGANELLES THAT WORK TOGETHER IN THE SYNTHESIS, STORAGE, AND EXPORT OF IMPORTANT MOLECULES

  17. A TOUR OF THE CELL • ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • ROUGH E.R. • NETWORK OF INTERCONNECTED FLATTENED SACS, COVERED WITH RIBOSOMES, WITH TWO MAIN FUNCTIONS • MAKE MORE MEMBRANE • MAKE PROTEINS TO BE SECRETED BY THE CELL

  18. A TOUR OF THE CELL • ROUGH E.R.

  19. A TOUR OF THE CELL • SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • SMOOTH E.R. • CONTINUOUS WITH ROUGH E.R. BUT LACKS RIBOSOMES • FUNCTIONS • SYNTHESIS OF LIPIDS • STORAGE OF CALCIUM IONS (NEEDED FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION) • SMOOTH E.R. IN THE LIVER • CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF SUGAR • BREAKDOWN/DETOXIFIES DRUGS AND OTHER HARMFUL SUBSTANCES • YOU CAN GROW MORE SMOOTH E.R.?? • THIS EXPLAINS DEVELOPMENT OF TOLERANCE!!!

  20. A TOUR OF THE CELL • GOLGI APPARATUS (COMPLEX/BODY) • SERIES OF FLATTENED SACS • NOT INTERCONNECTED

  21. A TOUR OF THE CELL • GOLGI APPARATUS • ACTS AS “SHIPPING WAREHOUSE” • CHEMICALLY MODIFIES PROTEINS PRODUCED BY E.R., THEN SENDS THEM TO THEIR SPECIFIC DESTINATIONS

  22. A TOUR OF THE CELL • LYSOSOMES • “BREAKDOWN BODY”, CONTAINS HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES

  23. A TOUR OF THE CELL • LYSOSOMES • DIGEST TINY FOOD PARTICLES, BACTERIA, BUSTED ORGANELLES (HELPS RECYCLE PARTS) • ENZYMES MUST BE KEPT INSIDE MEMBRANE, OR ELSE!!!!

  24. A TOUR OF THE CELL • ENZYMES MUST BE KEPT INSIDE MEMBRANE, OR ELSE!!!! • ABNORMAL LYSOSOMES CAN CAUSE • LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES • POMPE’S DISEASE • TAY-SACH’S DISEASE

  25. Harrison Ford and Brendan Fraser star in "Extraordinary Measures." A TOUR OF THE CELL

  26. A TOUR OF THE CELL • VACUOLES • MEMBRANOUS SACS THAT HAVE VARIOUS FUNCTIONS (SHAPES AND SIZES) • CENTRAL VACUOLE • FOOD VACUOLE • CONTRACTILE VACUOLE

  27. A TOUR OF THE CELL • THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM

  28. A TOUR OF THE CELL • CHLOROPLASTS • PHOTOSYNTHESIZING ORGANELLES THAT CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY TO CHEMCIAL ENERGY

  29. A TOUR OF THE CELL • MITOCHONDRIA • CONVERT CHEMICAL ENERGY (SUGAR) INTO USEABLE ENERGY (ATP)

  30. A TOUR OF THE CELL • CYTOSKELETON • A SUPPORTIVE STRUCTURE OF FINE FIBERS • THREE MAJOR TYPES OF FIBERS • MICROFILAMENTS • MICROTUBULES • INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

  31. A TOUR OF THE CELL

  32. A TOUR OF THE CELL • CILIA AND FLAGELLA

  33. A TOUR OF THE CELL • CILIA AND FLAGELLA • BASAL BODIES • DYNEIN ARMS

  34. A TOUR OF THE CELL • CELL JUNCTIONS • DEFINITION?? • 3 MAJOR TYPES IN ANIMAL CELLS • ANCHORING • TIGHT • GAP (COMMUNICATING) • 1 TYPE IN PLANT CELLS • PLASMODESMATA

  35. A TOUR OF THE CELL • PLASMODESMATA

  36. A TOUR OF THE CELL • EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX • STICKY LAYER OF GLYCOPROTEINS IN WHICH CELLS ARE EMBEDDED

  37. A TOUR OF THE CELL FOUR MAJOR FUNCTIONAL CATEGORIES FOR EUKARYTOIC CELLS

  38. A TOUR OF THE CELL • THE CELL MEMBRANE!!!

  39. A TOUR OF THE CELL • THE CELL MEMBRANE ONLY STARTS A NEW CHAPTER IN OUR LEARNING!!!

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