Lecture 5

1. Ancient time on the territory of Kazakhstan. Early state formations (saks, usyns, kangys, ghunny). Lecture 5

2. Brief contents. 1. Saka tribes. Material culture of saka. 2. Usyn’ state. 3. Khanguy state. 4. Hunnu (Ghunnu).

3. In I millennium B.C. successors of Andronians on territory of Kazakhstan become Sakatribes.Saka is the self-name of nomad tribes of the Eurasian steppes. Peculiar to Saka type of arms and horse attire, the characteristic clothes, “animal style" in the art. 1. Saka tribes. Material culture of saka.

4. In ancient Persian texts tribes of the period of early iron, settled to the east from Volga, had a name Saka, or Sakatribes.

5. In the Persian sources names Saka tribes and groups of tribes referred to: ( 4 groups of Saka tribes)

6. Sources, describes Saka tribes :

7. Sources, describes Saka tribes :

8. Stratification of Saka society

9. Material culture of saka.

10. The most known monument of this epoch - Issyk barrow located in 50 km to the east from Almaty in foothills of ZailijskyAlatau. Its discovering has taken place in 1969 y. by Archeologist K. Akishev.

11. Animal style is a special style in art.

14. In II century B.C. tribes, settledKazakhstan, steadyassociationswithrudimentsofthegovernmenthaveformed. Itwastribes’ usunsandkanguy- ethno-culturalsuccessorsofSakatribes. UsuntribescameinKazakhstanfromtheCentralAsia. 2.Usun state.

15. The centre of usun possession settled down in Chu valley in Semirechie, the rate of governors was in Chiguchen, “city of the Red valley“, on the coast of IssykKul.

16. The first data about usun appear at the end of II century B.C. The population of the state made 630 thousand people, an army 188 thousand, including which the team of usun governor -30 thousand horseman. The Supreme governor of Usuns carried a title of Gun'mo

17. Anthropological type of usun tribe

18. Usun mainly were engaged in cattle breeding, they had system of seasonal use of pastures and mountain sources. In herd prevailed ship and horses - the animals most adapted to distant transitions and pasture. In herd prevailed ship and horses - the animals most adapted to distant transitions and pasture.

19. Khargaly diadem

20. 3. Khanguy state.In II century B.C. to the west from Usun state the Khanguyassociation was formed. East border of it passed on the river Talas, later, in III century,it reached up to Southwest of Semirechie(Zhetusy)

21. The capital was in city of Bityan'. The population consists of 120 thousand families, 600 thousand souls, and a front army in 120 thousand people. In 47-46 years B.C. the kanguy governor has supported north-hunnushan'yuiChzhichzhi in struggle with Usun as which ally acted China. The kanguy governor has given Chzhichzhi in the wife the daughter, has allocated to him the ground in the east the possession and has transferred a part of the armies under his command.

22. Kanguy basically were engaged in agriculture, they lived in settlements with fortifications and trenches, buildings were erected from a brick, including complete palace complexes. At usuns and kanguy there was slavery; slaves were basically captured, mainly used in housekeeping.

23. In IV-III centuries B.C. northern borders of China in the Central Asia formed consolidation of syunnu tribes, hunnu , or gunnu. Hunnuwas tribes of mongoloid shape, speaking on one of languages of the Altay language family which is branch of Turkic languages. It was prototurk tribes. The name Syunnuhas appeared in the Chinese sources in end III of century B.C 4.Hunnu (Ghunnu).

25. Social structure of state’s Hunny

26. The decimal system of Hunny army

27. About hunnu, their campaigns there are data at Chinese “Father of an Chinese history- SymaTsyanin his Historical notes " ("Shi Zi"). The army of Hunnu, on calculations of Chinese, totaled from 300 up to 400 thousand soldiers.

28. Shan'yui disposed of all territory of the state, all grounds belonging to hunnu, was called to provide their protection. It were his sons or close relatives. They operated western and east territories of empire and ordered about the left and right wing of army. Below them there were other relatives of shn'yui, operating the certain territory. It were temniks whose number made 24 persons. Temniks appointed by shan'yui. He allocated to they territory with the population. Any moving of tribes without the order of shan'yui was strictly punished.

29. In 55 year B.C. Hunnu have broken up on southern and northern. Southern group has headed by shan'yuiHuhanie, and northern - his younger brother Chzhichzhi.Chzhichzhi undertook attempts to return unity of hunnu, winning round the state Kanguy. But they were under constant pressure of China and were compelled to pass Tien Shan and enter contact with kanguy. It was the first wave of resettlement of hunnu on territory of Kazakhstan and Central Asia.

30. The second wave began in 93, when northern hunnu, restricted by Chinese, were again set to the West.

31. Under pressure hunnu began movement of tribes in the Central Kazakhstan, in the north from Syr-Darya, and also in area of Aral sea and Caspian sea. This process proceeded like avalanche and last more than 300 years from II till V century. It was “Great resettlement of peoples” when mass of motley nomads on ethnic structure moved from the Central Asia to the west through territory of Kazakhstan.

32. Atilla– leader of Gunny in Europe.

34. Thank you at the attention!