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Art & Architecture of Pompeii and Herculanium

Art & Architecture of Pompeii and Herculanium. House of Pansa House of the Vettii Villa of the mysteries House of the Faun “Harbour Scene from Stabiae “the Lost Ram “Perseus and Andromeda “Death of Penthius “The Trojan horse Portrait of Terentius neo & wife

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Art & Architecture of Pompeii and Herculanium

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  1. Art & Architecture of Pompeii and Herculanium House of Pansa House of the Vettii Villa of the mysteries House of the Faun “Harbour Scene from Stabiae “the Lost Ram “Perseus and Andromeda “Death of Penthius “The Trojan horse Portrait of Terentius neo & wife Dionysiac frieze villa of the Mysteries Wall from Villa Publius Fannius Sinistor Portrait of a Woman Alexander Mosaic Nilotic scene “Sorceress & client

  2. 79AD DESTRUCTION buried under 10m of ash and remained so for 1700 yrs. A time capsule into the life of 1st century Romans in a holiday area of Campania. Pompeians didn’t become Roman citizens until 89BC and by 79AD Roman culture overlay the earlier culture of the Osci and Samnite tribes. Greeks had occupied the southern part of Italy since 5th century BC so there was an influence of Hellenism in Pompeii and Herculanium.

  3. PUBLIC BUILDINGS: Temples, Basilicas (palaces). Fine decoration and architecture PRIVATE BUILDINGS: As today, homes reflected socio-economic status: Poor lived in high rise apartments (Insulae) in 4th century Rome there were 46000 of them housing more than ¾ of a million people. In Pompei (pop 20,000) the poor lived in flats above shops and richer houses. Wealthy lived in Domus (stand alone houses built around an open atrium – inward looking) or luxurious villae (grand with seaviews, terrace, porticoes, large windows) on the outskirts of town or surrounding countryside overlooking the bay of Naples.

  4. The Elite Domus • Typical elite houses evolved from Etruscan atrium-style houses, with the addition of Greek style peristyle (colonnaded) gardens. • Usually were one floor, with a main reception room (atrium) surrounded by bedrooms (cubicula), dining room (triclinium), record room/office (tablinum).

  5. Palatine Hill, 6th c. BCE House

  6. Upper rooms, often sublet to tenants. Impluvium - pool directly below roof opening Triclinium – summer dining room. Exedra–outdoor sitting or eating Roof opening – letting in light (and rain) Peristylium – courtyard with trees, fountains, statues, surrounded by columns (colonnade) Oecus–spare room. Horta – garden The Roman domus Culina – Kitchens Tablinum – Study. Atrium – visitors room Triclinium – dining room. Cubiculum – bedrooms Fauces – or vestibulum Taberna – rented out shop or workplace. DOMUS Outer Wall – Domus was inward facing.

  7. Sample Plan of a Roman House (Domus) L V vestibulum T taberna C cubiculum/cubicula L latrina A atrium Al alae Ta tablinum Cu culina Tri triclinium P peristylium E exedra

  8. The Faucis (entrance way) Pompeii, House Entrance

  9. Entrance, House of Menander

  10. House of Menander, View from Fauces to Peristyle Garden

  11. The Atrium • Reception room, often with an opening in the ceiling with an impluvium below. • Contained the family gods (Lares and Penates), imagines (masks of the ancestors), symbolic marriage bed. • Women of the house (or their slaves) may have wool-worked there.

  12. Atrium, House of the Silver Wedding, Pompeii

  13. The Lararium Lararium

  14. Bronze Lar, found in a SW corner of an atrium, Pompeii

  15. Herculaneum Lararium contained lars (symbols or masks of ancestors), & penates (gods of the household

  16. Loom Reconstruction

  17. The Tablinum The Master’s Study containing the family records wax tablets (Tabulae) the Household Safe (Arca) Scrolls

  18. House of the Faun Tablinum

  19. Detail of the Mosaic Floor

  20. Tabula and Writing Materials

  21. Lucernae, Oil Lamps

  22. Scrolls in Capsa

  23. A tablinum wall-painting

  24. The Culina

  25. Roman Kitchen, Reconstruction

  26. View of an Ancient Kitchen

  27. Ancient Glassware

  28. Roman Cooking Utensils in Bronze

  29. The Latrina (Ancient Roman Toilet)Fun on a cold morning!

  30. Latrina Closeup

  31. Cubicula (Bedrooms)

  32. Roman Beds

  33. Pompeii, House of the Centaur, Cubiculum Reconstruction

  34. Triclinium (Dining Room)

  35. Pompeii, Triclinium

  36. Dining Room - Summer

  37. Pompeii, Candelabrum

  38. Triclinium, The Dining Room

  39. Triclinium

  40. Roman Seating

  41. Roman Marble Table

  42. Pompeii, Bronze Table

  43. Pompeii, Roman Glass

  44. Roman Lamps

  45. Roman Couches

  46. Peristyle Court

  47. Peristylium with Birdbath and Hortus

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