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Alcohol Intoxication, Drinking and Driving, & Impulsivity. Paulette Chavez University of Missouri-Columbia. Drinking and Driving . In 2009, alcohol involvement still accounted for ~1/3 of the total traffic fatalities in the US (NHTSA, 2010).
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Alcohol Intoxication, Drinking and Driving, & Impulsivity Paulette Chavez University of Missouri-Columbia
Drinking and Driving • In 2009, alcohol involvement still accounted for ~1/3 of the total traffic fatalities in the US (NHTSA, 2010). • 35% of DD fatalities involved individuals 21 to 24 years of age (NHTSA, 2010). • Individual difference factors have been found to negate the deterring effects of legal sanctions (Piquero & Paternoster, 1998; Yu, Evans, & Clark, 2006).
Perceived Risk of Drinking and Driving • Cognitive variables are important predictors of drinking and driving. • Perceived Dangerousness • Perceived Consequences • Perceptions of Drinking and Driving Alternatives • The current study examines perceived risk of drinking and driving while intoxicated.
Impulsivity and Drinking and Driving • Disinhibited personality characteristics (Jonah, 1997) • Neuroticism/emotionality domain • Impulsivity/disinhibition domain • Impulsive individuals are more likely: • To drive while intoxicated (Ames, Zogg, & Stacy, 2002; Ryb, Dischinger, Kufera, & Read, 2006). • To repeatedly engage in drinking and driving (McMillen et al., 1992).
Impulsivity • Impulsivity is a common diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV for a variety of disorders. • Examples: ADHD, gambling, borderline personality disorder • Impulsivity is strongly associated with the use of alcohol (Sher, Grekin, & Williams, 2005; Sher, Trull, Bartholow, & Vieth, 1999).
Disaggregating Impulsivity • UPPS-P (Whiteside and Lynam, 2001; Cyders et al., 2007) • Sensation seeking • I’ll try anything once. • (Lack of) planning • I am one of those people who blurt out things without thinking. • Lack of persistence • I tend to give up easily. • Urgency • When I am upset, I often act without thinking. • I tend to lose control when I am in a great mood
Urgency • Urgency reflects an individual’s tendency to act rashly while experiencing extreme mood. • Both negative and positive moods are related to rash decision making. • Undergraduate college students are more likely to drink on days of celebration than during the week (Del Boca, Darkes, Greenbaum, & Goldman, 2004; Kornefel 2002).
Present Study: • Examines perceived risk of drinking and driving while intoxicated. • Test how dangerous individuals perceive driving to be at different points on the BAC curve. • Examines individual differences in these perceptions. • Are positive and negative urgency associated with lower perceived dangerousness of drinking and driving? • Are positive and negative urgency associated with change in perceived dangerousness across the BAC curve?
Demographics • N= 63 • Age- range from 21-26, mean 21.98 • Sex- 54% male • Race- 87.3% Caucasian, 4.8% African American
Procedure • Participants partake in 2 sessions, one intoxicated one sober. • .72g/kg of alcohol for men, .65g/kg for women • Peak BAC estimate to be approx .075 to .080 • Positive and negative urgency measured in the sober session. • Perceived danger of drinking and driving measured at baseline, then across ascending and descending limbs of the BAC curve.
Ascending Limb Assessments “How dangerous do you feel it is for you to drive right now?”
.074 .064 .077 .078
Results for Positive & Negative Urgency • Both positive and negative urgency were associated with perceived danger of drinking and driving. • Those high in urgency rated drinking and driving as less dangerous at all assessments on the ascending limb. • Neither positive or negative urgency was associated with perceived danger on the descending limb. • No interactions between time and urgency • Positive and negative urgency were not associated with change in perceived danger across either limb of the BAC curve.
