WORLD HISTORY

1. WORLD HISTORY UNIT SIX – PEOPLE & EMPIRES IN THE AMERICAS, 600-1600 AD

2. UNIT 6, LESSON 1 • Do Now – Unit 6 Work Packets in your binders!! • Lecture – “North American Societies” • Note Check • Honors and Warnings • HW: Read Chapter 16, Section 1 and complete Guided Reading Worksheet, Section 1

3. North American Societies • Background • North American peoples come from Asia between 40,000 and 12,000 BC, but spread and adapt • Complex Societies in the West • Unlike Mesoamerica, North Americans never created great empires • They did build magnificent buildings and long-distance trade routes

4. North American Societies • Complex Societies in the West • People of the Pacific Northwest • Culture of abundance • Resources • The sea • Whales for hunting in large canoes • Coastal forests • Showed their wealth with a ceremony called the potlatch

5. North American Societies • Complex Societies of the West • People of the Southwest – Accomplished Builders • People of the Southwest face a harsh environment • Had contact with people from Mesoamerica • Use of pottery rather than baskets • Anasazi • Built impressive cliff dwellings and pueblos • Village of large houses on top of flat hills • Showed impressive organization and inventiveness • Made of stone and adobe • Largest – Pueblo Bonito – had 600 rooms

6. North American Societies • Where?

7. North American Societies • Mound Builders • East of the Mississippi River in the woodlands • Around 700 BC the “Mound-Builders” begin to build large mounds of earth to bury their dead • The Mississippian Culturelasted until the 1500s AD • Villages based on farming and trade • Cahokia – around 1,000 AD, a city of 30,000 people, near present-day St. Louis

8. North American Societies • Tribes of the Northeast • Woodlands peoples clashed over land • The Iroquois • Upstate New York • Political alliance or league to promote defense and cooperation • Most connections were economic (trade), religious or cultural • Religion • Most tribes believe in some kind of nature spirits, as well as rituals to promote peace and harmony • Totems

9. Honors & Warnings Questions • Did I do all my homework? • Did Mr. Middleton need to remind me to do my hw? • How did I do on quizzes 5.1 & 5.2? • What is my attitude like in class? • Do I participate in class in a positive way? • Do I help other students out in this class?

10. HONORS & WARNINGS • From last time: • Luis – W • Joey – W • Nick – W • William – H • David – H • Imani • Tao

11. HONORS & WARNINGS • New: • Luis – T • Joey – T • Nick – W • William – H • David – H • Imani – H • Tao- H

12. HONORS & WARNINGS • From last time: • Ciaran – W • Susanna – H • Jacob – W • Kiefer – H • OG Max – H • Austin – T • Jailene – T • Alexi – H • MZT – H • Gigi • Judah • Jeremia • Hang

13. HONORS & WARNINGS • New: • Ciaran – W • Susanna – H • Jacob – W • Kiefer – H • OG Max – H • Austin – H • Jailene – H • Alexi – T • MZT – H • New: • Gigi – H • Judah – W • Jeremia – H • Hang – T

14. UNIT 6, LESSON 2 • Do Now • HW Review • Free Write • HW: Reteaching Activity Worksheet – Section 1

15. Do Now • 1. What was the most important resource for the peoples of the Northwest? Why? • 2. For what purpose did the Mound Builder cultures use earthen mounds? • 3. Why did the tribes of upper New York form a political alliance?

16. Free Write • What kinds of interactions did North American societies have with each other? • What evidence do we have of this?

17. Free Write • What kinds of interactions did North American societies have with each other? • Trade • Political Alliances • What evidence do we have of this? • Artifacts • Burial Sites • Ruins • Legends

18. UNIT 6, LESSON 3 • Do Now – Notecard activity (terms from section 1) • HW Review • Lecture – Maya Kings and Cities • Note Check • HW: Binder check, Read Chapter 16, Section 2 and complete Guided Reading Worksheet – Section 2

19. Do Now – Terms from Section 1 • Potlach • Anasazi • Pueblo • Mississippian • Iroquois • Totem

20. Maya Kings and Cities • Maya Create City-States • Mesoamerica • Yucatan Peninsula • Both dry forest and dense jungles • Classic Period • 250 to 900 AD • Tikal • Large city in Northern Guatemala • Center for religious ceremonies and trade • Other cities • Over 50 other cities and sites • Each city was an independent city-state, ruled by a god-king • Site of pyramids, temples, palaces, and tens of thousands of people

21. Maya Kings and Cities • Temple IV – Tikal • 212 Feet Tall • Tallest building in Pre-Columbian North America

22. Maya Kings and Cities • Maya Create City-States • Agriculture & Trade • City-states linked through alliances and trade • Farmed maize, beans, and squash • Traded goods • Salt, feathers, shells, honey • Traded crafts • Cotton textiles and jade jewelry • Cacao Beans – sort of currency

23. Maya Kings and Cities • Maya Create City-States • Dynasties • Successful farming leads to accumulation of wealth and division of classes • 1. Maya King • A holy figure • Hereditary position • 2. Noble class • Priests and Warriors • 3. Merchants and specialized workers • 4. Peasants • Majority

24. Maya Kings and Cities • Maya Religion • Polytheistic • Practices • Desired to keep the world in balance • Made offerings to the gods • Food, flower, incense, piercings, their own blood, human sacrifice • Math and Religion • Each day was the burden of a particular god • Important to know which god was in charge each day, to predict behavior • 260-day religious calendar, as well as a 365-day solar calendar • Told the best time to plant crops, to attack enemies, to crown rulers, etc. • Very accurate

25. Maya Kings and Cities • Written Language • Preserves History • Most advanced in the ancient Americas • 800 glyphs • Some are words, others syllables • Recorded in bark-paper book called a codex (only 3 exist) • PopolVuh – book written after arrival of the Spanish about creation

26. Maya Kings and Cities • Mysterious Decline • Around 800, they abandon many of their cities • Invaders from the north move into the lands, but the “high civilization” disappears • Theories • Warfare between city-states disrupts trade • Population growth and over-farming damages the environment – famine • Spanish arrive in the 1500s – Maya were already diminished

27. UNIT 6, LESSON 4 • Do Now • Binder Check • HW Review • Independent Work: Reteaching Activity, Section 2 • Pop Review – Main Ideas Questions • HW: Study for quiz on Sections 1-2 (focus on Main Ideas Questions in text book)

28. Do Now • Define these terms: • Tikal • Glyph • Codex • PopolVuh

29. BINDER CHECK • Check plus – your binder has four sections (class notes, handouts, homework, old quizzes & tests), and has these three things: • UNIT 6 WORK PACKET, NOTES FROM YESTERDAY & QUIZ 5.2 • Check – your binder doesn’t have sections, but has everything required • Check minus – your binder is disorganized and you can’t find what you need • Zero – you have no binder

30. MAIN IDEAS • What was the basis of Maya life? • Why was the calendar important for the Maya religion? • What three explanations have been given for the collapse of the Maya civilization?

31. UNIT 6, LESSON 5 • Take Quiz (26 Minutes) • Maya Architecture (quiz each other with questions) • HW: Catch-Up, Honors Packet Work

32. UNIT 6, LESSON 6 • Do Now • Lecture – “The Aztecs Control Central Mexico” • Note Check • HW: Quiz Corrections (if under a 90%) • Must be on a separate sheet of paper, stapled to old quiz

33. Do Now • What have we learned about Mexican history so far?

34. The Aztecs Control Central Mexico • The Valley of Mexico • Today’s Mexico City • Site of the greatest empire of Mesoamerica – the Aztec • Advantages: • Fertile Soil • Accessible resources • Large lakes • Obsidian – green or black volcanic glass, used to make sharp edges

35. The Aztecs Control Central Mexico • The Valley of Mexico • Before the Aztec… • Teotihuacan – large city-state • 200,000 people • Giant Pyramid of the Sun – “Avenue of the Dead” • Did not try to create an empire • The Toltecs • Like other civilizations (pyramids, temples, etc.) • Legend of Quetzalcoatl and Topiltzin • Leads to exile of followers, legend become relevant later

36. The Aztecs Control Central Mexico • Quetzalcoatl • Avenue of the Dead Pyramid of the Sun

37. The Aztecs Control Central Mexico • The Aztec Empire • Aztecs arrive in the Valley of Mexico around AD 1200. • (Also called the Mexica) • Originally a nomadic people from the harsh deserts of Northern Mexico • How might this have affected them?? • Aztec founding legend • God of sun and warfare said to look for an eagle on a cactus, holding a snake in its mouth • They found this place on an island • Here they founded the city of Tenochtitlan

38. The Aztecs Control Central Mexico • Mexican Coat of Arms

39. The Aztecs Control Central Mexico • Aztecs Grow Stronger • In 1428, they joined with two other city-states to form the Triple Alliance • Gained control over the neighboring areas • Empire (definition: ___________________ ) • Atlantic to Pacific • 5-15 million people • Aztec Rule • Take tribute from people they conquered • But allow local rulers to govern in their own way

40. The Aztecs Control Central Mexico • Nobles Rule Aztec Society • Emperor • Nobody looked him in the eye or wore shoes in his presence • Nobles own vast estates, which they ruled like lords • Priests and military leaders, as well as gov’t officials • Commoners • Merchants, artisans, soldiers, farmers • Slaves • Captives

41. The Aztecs Control Central Mexico • Tenochtitlan • Pop of 200,000-400,000 people by 1500 • Bigger than London or Madrid • Causeways connect the island to the mainland • Canoes were used to bring goods to the huge market at the city center • Center of the city • Massive, walled complex with palaces, gov’t buildlings and the Great Temple

42. The Aztecs Control Central Mexico • Group Read • Religion Rules Aztec Life • Problems in the Aztec Empire

43. UNIT 6, LESSON 7 • Do Now – Questions and Terms • Individual Work: Guided Reading Section 3 • Review • HW: Reteaching Activity, Section 3

44. The Aztecs Control Central Mexico • DO NOW QUESTIONS: • 1. On what was Teotihuacan’s power and wealth based?? • 2. How did the Aztecs rule their empire? • 3. Who or what is… ? • Obsidian • Quetzalcoatl • Triple Alliance • Montezuma II

45. UNIT 6, LESSON 8 • Do Now • HW Review – Reteaching Activity, Section 3 • Lecture – “The Inca Create a Mountain Empire” • Note check • HW: Read Section 4 & Complete “Guided Reading, Sect 4”

46. DO NOW • What do you remember about the history of Peru??

47. The Inca Create a Mountain Empire • Aztecs ruled the Valley of Mexico, while… • A new people create an equally powerful state in South America • The Inca • Build an empire tat stretched from Ecuador to Chile • Larges to ever exist in the Americas • Built on the cultural foundations of the Chavin, Moche, and Nazca

48. The Inca Create a Mountain Empire • Inca Beginnings • Nomads from the highlands of Peru • Eventually settle in the Valley of Cuzco • Develop their own small kingdom by the AD 1200s • Pachacuti Builds an Empire • Pachacuti takes the throne in 1438 • Under his leadership, the Inca conquer all of Peru • Empire grew to 16 million people and 80 provinces • How? • Diplomacy – before attacking they offered an honorable surrender, after an attack they tried to gain the loyalty of the defeated people • Military force – used their powerful force only when necesssary

49. The Inca Create a Mountain Empire

50. The Inca Create a Mountain Empire • Incan Government – how did they do it? • Rulers divided territory into small units • Central bureaucracy • Road system ties it together • Imposed a single official language • Quechua • Government and Incan Cities • To gain control, the Inca built cities in all conquered areas • Architecture of gov’t buildings was uniform everywhere • All roads led to Cuzco – what is this similar to?? • Built huge and grand buildings without iron tools or the wheel