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Signals & Systems Spring 2009 Instructor: Mian Shahzad Iqbal UET TAXILA

Signals & Systems Spring 2009 Instructor: Mian Shahzad Iqbal UET TAXILA. Today's lecture . The course Course contents Recommended books Course structure Assessments breakdown Before we start… Introduction to signals and systems. The Course. Core course

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Signals & Systems Spring 2009 Instructor: Mian Shahzad Iqbal UET TAXILA

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  1. Signals & Systems Spring 2009 Instructor: Mian Shahzad Iqbal UET TAXILA

  2. Today's lecture • The course • Course contents • Recommended books • Course structure • Assessments breakdown • Before we start… • Introduction to signals and systems

  3. The Course • Core course • First course in Telecommunication Engineering • A strong foundation for advanced courses and research • What the course is about • Analysis and processing of information • System design for required processing • Mathematical & theoretical • Calculus, Linear Algebra, Differential • Expectations • Extensive and tough

  4. Course contents • Introduction to Signals and Systems • Sinusoids • Spectrum Representation • Analysis of Periodic Waveforms • Sampling and Aliasing • Filters • Convolution • Frequency response • Fourier Series and Transforms • Continuous-time & Discrete-time Systems

  5. Books Signal Processing First  Text book by James H. McClellan, Ronald W. Schafer, Mark A. Yoder Signals & Systems (Second Edition)  Reference book by Alan V. Oppenheim, Alan S. Willsky, S. Hamid Nawab

  6. Assessments Quizzes 10% Assignments 2% Sessionals 36% Matlab 2% Final Exam 50%

  7. Signal • What is a signal • A description of how one parameter is related to another parameter • Examples • The voltage varies with time v t

  8. Signal • The Speech Signal • The ECG Signal

  9. Signal • The image

  10. Signal • The image

  11. Signal • It is the variation pattern that conveys the information, in a signal • Signal may exist in many forms like acoustic, image, video, electrical, heat & light signal

  12. System • An entity that responds to a signal • Examples • Circuit system input output

  13. System • The camera • The Speech Recognition System Image Identified

  14. System • The audio CD-player • Block Diagram representation of a system • Visual representation of a system • Shows inter-relations of many signals involved in the implementation of a complex system • Look at everything around and try to identify the signals and systems !! system Output Signal Input Signal

  15. Mathematical Representation • A signal can be represented as a function of one or more independent variables • Examples t

  16. Mathematical Representation • The image is a function of two spatial variables

  17. Continuous-time signals • A value of signal exists at every instant of time Independent variable Independent variable

  18. Discrete-time signals • The value of signal exists only at equally spaced discrete points in time Independent variable Independent variable

  19. Discrete-time signals • Why to discretize • How to discretize • How closely spaced are the samples • Distinction between discrete & digital signals • How to denote discrete signals • Is the image a discrete or continuous signal • The image is generally considered to be a continuous variable • Sampling can however be used to obtain a discrete, two dimensional signal (sampled image)

  20. Notation • A continuous-time signal is represented by enclosing the independent variable (time) in parentheses () • A discrete-time signal is represented by enclosing the independent variable (index) in square brackets []

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