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English Civil War

English Civil War. 1642-1649. Archbishop William Laud. In 1637 against the opposition of the English Puritans as well as the Scots, Laud tried to impose upon Scotland the English Episcopal system and a prayer book almost identical to the English Book of Common Prayer

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English Civil War

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  1. English Civil War 1642-1649

  2. Archbishop William Laud • In 1637 against the opposition of the English Puritans as well as the Scots, Laud tried to impose upon Scotland the English Episcopal system and a prayer book almost identical to the English Book of Common Prayer • The Scots rebelled and Charles I with insufficient funds for a war was forced to call Parliament

  3. Short Parliament 1640-1640 • Led by John Pym, Parliament refused even to consider funds for war until the King agreed to address Parliament’s grievances. • The King in response immediately dissolved the Parliament • When the Scottish army defeated the English at the battle of Newburn, Charles reconvened Parliament.

  4. Long Parliament • Laud tried and later executed • No new taxes without consent of Parliament • Parliament called at least every three years (triennial act) • December 1641 Parliament presents Charles I with the Grand Remonstrance- a list of grievances against the crown

  5. Civil War • Puritans vs. Roundheads • In January 1642, the King invade Parliament with his soldiers • Pym and the other leaders had been warned and they escaped

  6. Parliament vs. the King • Two factors led to Parliaments victory over the King: • Parliaments alliance with Scotland, John Pym persuaded Parliament to accept the terms of the Solemn League and Covenant. This agreement committed Parliament to a Presbyterian system of Church government. • The reorganization of the Parliamentary army under Oliver Cromwell-Independent

  7. Victory over the King • Cromwell’s New Model Army won a decisive victory over the King at the battle of Naesby 1645.

  8. 2nd Civil War • In December 1648, Colonel Thomas Pride of the New Model Army barred the Presbyterians from the Parliament. • After Pride’s Purge only a rump of 50 Independents remained in Parliament • After a trial by a special court, the Rump Parliament executed Charles-and abolished the Monarchy, the House of Lords and the Anglican Church

  9. Republic 1649-1653 • Cromwell ruled a Puritan Republic • During this time Cromwell’s army conquered Ireland and Scotland • During this time OC also passed the first Navigation Acts

  10. Protectorate 1653-1660 • In 1653 the HOC considered disbanding Cromwell’s expensive army, Cromwell responded by marching in and disbanding Parliament. He ruled thereafter as Lord Protector. • Cromwell was as intolerant of Anglicans as Charles had been of Puritans. The English people resented his puritanical laws. • By 1658 the English were ready to end their Puritan/republican experiment and bring back the monarchy

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