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Muscle Intro

Learn about the functions of muscles, including movement, stability, communication, and heat production. Understand the role of connective tissue in holding muscle bundles together. Explore the anatomy of muscles, including origin, belly, insertion, and different muscle types. Discover the coordinated action of muscles, including prime movers, synergists, antagonists, and fixators.

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Muscle Intro

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  1. Muscle Intro • Functions of muscles • Movement: respiration, circulation, defecation • Stability: resists gravity and provides tension to tendons • Communication • Heat Production: muscle provides 85% of body heat

  2. Connective Tissue • Think of connective tissue as the wrapping that holds muscle bundles together and separates them • Endomysium: thin layer that surrounds each muscle cell(fiber) makes room for capillaries and nerve fibers • Fascicles: bundles of muscle cells that appear as grain to the naked eye

  3. Connective Tissue • Perimysium: A thick connective layer that surrounds each fascicle. • Epimysium/Deep Fasciae: a layer that surrounds each muscle • Superficial fascia: the layer of connective tissue between the muscle and skin, can be fatty

  4. Anatomy of Muscles • Origin: a relatively stationary attachment • Belly: thick midregion of muscle • Insertion: a relatively mobile attachment • Fusiform: muscle thick in the middle thin at ends (biceps brachii) • Parallel muscles: straplike muscles uniform with parallel fascicles (sartorius)

  5. Anatomy of Muscles • Convergent muscles: Fan-shaped, broad at origin, narrower at insertion • Pennate muscles: feather-shaped, fascicles run obliquely to a tendon that runs the length of muscle • Circular muscle: Sphincters (eyelids, anus)

  6. Coordinated Action • Prime mover: muscle that produces most force during movement • Synergist: a muscle that aids the prime mover • Antagonist: muscle that resists the prime mover controlling rate of movement • Fixator: muscle that prevents a bone from moveing, holds steady

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