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Flow rate depends on: Potential difference “resistance” (or “ c onductance”)

Flow rate depends on: Potential difference “resistance” (or “ c onductance”) Permeability (or “roughness”). Water flows from high potential to low potential. High potential. Same high potential. Lower potential. A high flow rate generates lots of power.

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Flow rate depends on: Potential difference “resistance” (or “ c onductance”)

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  1. Flow rate depends on: • Potential difference • “resistance” (or “conductance”) • Permeability (or “roughness”)

  2. Water flows from high potential to low potential High potential Same high potential Lower potential A high flow rate generates lots of power

  3. In a water pipe:“resistance” is determined by… • Area: • Inversely proportional in pipes with obstacles • Is the pipe full of sand? gravel? large rocks? • Inversely prop. to area2 in hollow pipes • Inversely prop. to permeability of obstacles if any (sand, gravel…) • Length (directly proportion) • Viscosity (directly proportion) • The opposite of Conductance is • “RESISTANCE” = 1/conductance

  4. In an electric wire or light bulb:“conductance” is proportional to (area x conductivity)/length • Area (size of “wire” or “filament”) • Conductivity (the current must flow around atoms in the wire) • The opposite of Conductance is • “RESISTANCE”

  5. Imagine water flowing in a “loop” or “circuit”

  6. Imagine water flowing in a “loop” or “circuit”

  7. Imagine water flowing in a “loop” or “circuit”

  8. Imagine water flowing in a “loop” or “circuit”

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