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The Ideal Gas Law

The Ideal Gas Law. Real Gas Behaviour. There are several assumptions in the kinetic molecular theory that describe an ideal gas Gas molecules have zero volume Forces of attraction/repulsion are zero Molecules move in straight lines Collisions are completely elastic

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The Ideal Gas Law

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  1. The Ideal Gas Law

  2. Real Gas Behaviour • There are several assumptions in the kinetic molecular theory that describe an ideal gas • Gas molecules have zero volume • Forces of attraction/repulsion are zero • Molecules move in straight lines • Collisions are completely elastic • However, at high pressure and low temperature there are problems with these assumptions • In very small volumes there will be many more interactions and collisions • The volumes of the gas molecules is now a significant fraction of the container

  3. The Ideal Gas Law Boyle’s Law: PV = k or V = k P Charles’ Law: V = k or V = aT T Avogadro’s Law: V = b or V = bn n V = kab X nT P V = RnT or PV = nRT P

  4. PV= nRT Unit Analysis! PV = nRT R = PV nT R = (kPa)(L) (mol)(T) R = 8.314 kPa·L/mol·K P = pressure (kPa) V = volume (L) n = amount (mol) T = temperature (K) R = ??

  5. Try These… • Use the ideal gas law to calculate the molar volume of a gas at SATP. • A cylinder of laughing gas (N2O) has a diameter of 23.0 cm and a height of 140 cm. The pressure is 108 kPa at a temperature of 294 K. How many grams of laughing gas are in the cylinder? Hint: Vcylylinder = r2h

  6. Homework • Read p. 443-445 • P. 445 #3,4,6 • P. 448 #1-6

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