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Hydrilla: The need to know

Hydrilla: The need to know. comicvine.com. WISP Training May 24, 2018. Outline. What is hydrilla ? And how does it reproduce? How did it get here? How can I identify it? Look alikes What do I do if I think I’ve found it? Why is it important to know about hydrilla ?

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Hydrilla: The need to know

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  1. Hydrilla: The need to know comicvine.com WISP Training May 24, 2018

  2. Outline • What is hydrilla? • And how does it reproduce? • How did it get here? • How can I identify it? • Look alikes • What do I do if I think I’ve found it? • Why is it important to know about hydrilla? • Hydrilla in New York • What you can do to help! • Resources

  3. What is Hydrilla? A “Most Wanted” Species • Federal Noxious Weed List • Noxious weed and/or banned in at least 17 states • Prohibited under NYCRR Part 575

  4. What is Hydrilla? • Hydrilla verticillatais an aquatic invasive plant • - two biotypes in U.S.: • Dioecious (male and female plants) – found in North Carolina and south (originally from India) • Monoecious (male and female reproductive parts on one plant) – found north of North Carolina (originally from Korea) • It is related to Brazilian elodea

  5. What is Hydrilla? • Highly adaptable • Does not do well with regular exposure to > 3 ppt salinity (some research suggests 9 ppt as the prohibitive level) • Grows in water depths of > 30 feet (depending on clarity) • Water clarity > 1.3 feet • Hydrosoil temperatures for tuber sprouting 52F - 59F • Hydrilla maintains vegetation at colder temperatures (40F)

  6. What is Hydrilla? • Turions (produced in early summer) • Tubers (after July 4th) – carbohydrate storage • Vegetative spread by fragments Chris Evans Robert Videki

  7. What is Hydrilla? • Rapid growth at 60F • Monoecious growth bottom to top • Most discoveries in August-October when it is near the water’s surface

  8. How does it reproduce? • Fragments that grow into new plants • Tubers (overwintering and food storage structures) • Turions (overwintering buds)

  9. How did it get here? • Aquaria dumping • Watercraft and associated equipment • Aquatic garden plant soil • Waterfowl?

  10. How do I identify it? • Whorls of three or more leaves with noticeable space between whorls • Leaves have serrated edges and mid-ribs • Leaves often curve downward

  11. How do I identify it?

  12. How do I identify it? • If you find turions and tubers that would confirm identity, but not always easy to do.

  13. Look alikes • Brazilian elodea (Egeria densa)

  14. Look Alikes • Native elodea (Elodea canadensis) Wikipedia

  15. Look Alikes • Key characteristics to remember • If it has more than three leaves per whorl it may well be invasive – either Brazilian elodea or hydrilla • If it has three leaves per whorl it is probably native elodea UF/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants - University of Florida

  16. What do I do if I think I’ve found it? • Take a photo • Take several photos with your phone or digital camera • The photos should be of plant samples out of the water on a light (preferably white) background

  17. What do I do if I think I’ve found it? • Take a sample • Place your sample in a ziploc bag with a moistened paper towel • Write out a label with location, data, collector information in pencil and put in bag • Put the sample in the refrigerator

  18. What do I do if I think I’ve found it? • Take coordinates of location found and record in an easily accessed location • Many cell phones or computers have GPS tracking ability • Could also put a pin on Google maps to get estimated coordinates

  19. What do I do if I think I’ve found it? • Tell your supervisor who can contact your PRISM AIS Coordinator and/or NYSDEC • Submit a report to iMapInvasives.org and include the coordinates and photos (also a good idea)

  20. Why is it important to know about hydrilla? • So you can keep a look out for it whenever you are on or near water • If detected early there is a better chance of controlling it • If controlled when it is only in a small area can reduce economic, ecological, and human health impacts

  21. Why is it important to know about hydrilla? • Impacts: • Dense mats of vegetation =  Water recreation and revenue • =  dissolved oxygen • =  fish habitat • =  native plants • =  near shore property values • = hazardous swimming conditions

  22. Hydrilla in New York • High priority species prohibited by 6 NYCRR Part 575 • Now found at 27 locations throughout New York • Often found near boat launches

  23. Hydrilla in New York • First discovered in 2008 • 2008 - Creamery Pond, Orange County • 2008 – Sans Souci Lake, Lotus Lake, Suffolk County • 2009 - Lake Ronkonkoma, Blydenburgh/New Mill Pond, Phillips Mill Pond, Suffolk County • 2009 – Frost Mill Pond, Suffolk County • 2011- Smith Pond, Great Patchoque Lake, Suffolk County; Cayuga Inlet, Tompkins County • 2012 – several private ponds, Broome County • 2012 – Cayuga Lake, Tompkins County; Tonawanda/Erie Canal, Niagara and Erie Counties • 2013 – Croton River, Westchester County • 2013 – Millers Pond, Suffolk County; Unnamed pond, Tioga County • 2014 – New Croton Reservoir, Westchester County • 2014 – Prospect Park, Brooklyn, Kings County • 2015 – Tinker Nature Park pond, Monroe County • 2016 – Aurora (Cayuga Lake), Tompkins County • 2016 – Spencer Pond, Tioga County • 2016 – Halsey Neck Road pond, Suffolk County

  24. Hydrilla in New York • More than $2.5M are spent each year to control and manage hydrilla • To protect the Hudson River • To protect the Erie Canal and Lake Erie • To protect the Upper Susquehanna River • To protect the Finger Lakes

  25. Fantasy biocontrol

  26. What can you do to help? • Know that as boat stewards you are the front line • Talk with people about AIS and help them understand the importance of prevention and what steps they can take • Keep a look out for AIS when you are recreating and when working • Sign up for iMapInvasives so you can make IS reports • Become aware of the species that are problematic in your region and track new arrivals

  27. What can you do to help? WISP • Top priority for New York State’s AIS Management Plan • establishing and maintaining WISPs throughout the State

  28. What can you do to help? Prevention • The best method for dealing with any invasive species is prevention • If you never give them the opportunity to be introduced and become established then you never have to spend time, energy, and funds to control and manage them

  29. Resources • Croton River Hydrilla Control Project webpage: http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/106386.html • NYS Hydrilla webpage: http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/104790.html • NYS Aquatic Invasive Species Boat Stewards webpage: http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/107807.html

  30. Acknowledgments • Willow Eyres, NYSDEC • Hilary Mosher, FL PRISM • James Balyszak • Bob Johnson, Racine-Johnson Ecologists • Mike Greer, USACE • Scott Kishbaugh, NYSDEC • Mike Netherland, USACE • SOLitude Lake Management • SePRO • Nicole White www.wikipedia.org

  31. Thank you! • Cathy McGlynn • AIS Coordinator • Bureau of Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health • NYSDEC • catherine.mcglynn@dec.ny.gov

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