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KINDS OF PRONOUNS

KINDS OF PRONOUNS. Identifying Pronouns and Their Functions. The What & Why of Pronouns. A pronoun is a word that replaces or refers to a noun Used to avoid repetition Antecedent= is the noun that the pronoun replaces or refers to ( ante , before; cedo , go)

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KINDS OF PRONOUNS

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  1. KINDS OF PRONOUNS FRANCIS ALEXANDER Identifying Pronouns and Their Functions

  2. The What & Why of Pronouns • A pronoun is a word that replaces or refers to a noun • Used to avoid repetition • Antecedent= is the noun that the pronoun replaces or refers to (ante, before; cedo, go) EXAMPLE: Juan is my cousin. He (Juan) is in your English class. • Juan = antecedent. He = pronoun.

  3. 7 KINDS OF PRONOUNS • PERSONAL = refers to persons, (he, she, us) • REFLEXIVE = refers back to the subject (himself) • INTENSIVE = emphasizes the subject (myself) • DEMONSTRATIVE = points to with gesture (that) • INDEFINITE = has no definite antecedent (someone, all, some, many) • INTERROGATIVE = question words, who • RELATIVE = relates 2 sentences (which)

  4. PERSONAL PRONOUNS have Person and Number SINGULAR 1st person • I, me, my 2nd person • you, you, your 3rd person • he, him, his she, her, her it, it, its PLURAL 1st person • we, us, our 2nd person • you, you, your 3rd person • they, them, their

  5. PERSONAL PRONOUNS HAVE GENDER MASCULINE He Him, his himself FEMININE She Her,hers herself NEUTRAL It, its

  6. PERSONAL PRONOUNS also have case SUBJECTIVE CASE: Are used in place of subjects and predicate nominatives in sentences 1st person • I or we 2nd person • you 3rd person • he, she, it them OBJECTIVE CASE PROUNOUNS; Are used in place of words in the objective case in sentences 1st person us 2nd person • you 3rd person • them

  7. PRONOUNS MUST AGREE IN NUMBER, GENDER, AND CASE • WRONG • She (Molly) could not get (Molly’s) HIS car to start. (Disagreement in gender) • John and ME went to the store. (error in case) • One of the girls left their sweater there. (disagreement in number) • RIGHT • She (Molly) could not get (Molly’s) HER car to start. • John and I went to the store. • One of the girls left her sweater there.

  8. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS--reflect back to the subject of a sentence. himself • I saw myself in the mirror. • Kim wrote a note to herself. • Dick shot himself on the foot. • They served themselves last. themselves itself herself There is no such word as theirselves Don't blame yourself

  9. INTENSIVE PRONOUN emphasizes antecedent An intensive pronoun emphasizes its antecedent. • I myself saw him. • She herself organized the concert. • The president himself has denied the rumor. The principal herself congatulated us.

  10. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS this POINT OUT SPECIFIC PERSONS / THINGS • I hate this. • Did Megan give you that? • She wants these. • Will you be using those? that these those

  11. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS • Some like it hot. • None wants it cold. • Allare happy. • All are equal, but some are more equal than others. But here, these are used as Indefinite adjectives: Somepeople like it cold. All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal.

  12. PROBLEMS WITH PRONOUNS • Everyone and Everybody are always SINGULAR!! • MOST, SOME, MUCH AND OTHER PRONOUNS LIKE THESE DEPEND ON THE ANTECEDENT TO DETERMINE NUMBER AND AGREEMENT: FOR EXAMPLE: • SOME OF THE BUTTER IS LEFT. • SOME OF THE GIRLSARE STILL HERE.

  13. PROBLEMS WITH PRONOUNS AMBIGUOUS (unclear) REFERENCE • The story was exciting, but they didn't explain what happened at the end. • William was very angry with Jonathan, but no one knew what he had said. • The catalog says that you must pay all fees by May. • I saw the ad in the paper, but now I can't find it. • If they do not do something about Syria, we may find ourselves in a war.

  14. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS QUESTION WORDS PRONOUNS USED TO INTRODUCE QUESTIONS: • Whatis the answer to the last question? • Whose book is this? • Who are you? • Whomdid you send to the store? Who, Whom, Whose, What, When, Where, What's bugging you? Whom should I give this to?

  15. RELATIVE PRONOUNS ARE conjunction dual role pronouns • RELATIVE PRONOUN RELATES TO A PRECEDING WORD (ANTECEDENT) AND JOINS TO IT A DEPENDENT CLAUSE • 2 JOBS: A PRONOUN + A CONNECTOR She is a woman. She runs for mayor. • She is the woman, whoruns for mayor. You saw the house. It is historical landmark. • The house that you saw is a historical landmark. who that relatesantecedent to a dependent clause worksasa pronoun

  16. Summary PRO = FOR NOMEN=NOUN 7 KINDS OF PRONOUNS • PERSONAL = REFERS TO PERSONS • REFLEXIVE = ACTION BACK TO SUBJECT • INTENSIVE = EMPHASIZES ACTION • DEMONSTRATIVE = POINTS WITH A GESTURE • INDEFINITE = UNSURE SOME OR FEW • INTERROGATIVE = QUESTION WORDS • RELATIVE = JOINS SENTENCES cedo=go ANTECEDENT ante=before

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