Kinds of sentences

1. Kinds of sentences 2 broad categories

2. 2 broad categories • (A) according to the construction: depending on the number of clauses and conjunctions • (B) according to the expression: depending on whether the sentence is telling us something, asking a question or giving us an order

3. (A)according to the construction • Depending on the number of clauses and conjunctions: • Conjunctions – because, if, but, and, or, that, when, unless, etc. • Clause – “because he was tired” He left the party early because hewas tired.

4. (B)according to the expression • Depending on whether the sentence expresses a statement, question, request or order

6. Simple Sentence • A group of words with a subject word – noun or pronoun – and a main verb which gives complete sense. It begins with a Capital letter and ends with either a full-stop [.], a question mark [?] or an exclamation mark [!].

7. Simple sentence: example 1 • Birds fly. • ‘Birds’ – subject part – subject word > noun • ‘fly’ – predicate part – main verb

8. For example: 2 • This bearis very hungry. • This bear– subject part – ‘bear’ – noun; ‘this’ – adjective. • “is very hungry” – predicate part; ‘is’ – main verb – one verb, one word. • Two words in the subject part and three words in the predicate part.

9. For example: 3 • All of themwill leave the hall after the final bell. • ‘All of them’ – subject part – ‘them’ pronoun; • ‘willleave the hall after the final bell’ – predicate part – ‘will leave’ main verb; ‘after the final bell’ – phrase. A “simple sentence” may have any number of ‘phrases’ but not any ‘clauses’. Though there are ten words in this sentence, it is still a simple sentence because it has only one subject part and only one predicate part with only one main verb!!

10. Compound sentence • A sentence which has two or more independent or coordinate clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction. • A clause is a group of words which has a subject part and a predicate part of its own, gives complete sense and forms a part of a larger group of words. • A coordinating conjunction is a conjunction which joins two clauses of equal status. • It ends with either a full-stop (period), question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!).

11. Coordinate Clause • A part of a sentence with its own subject and predicate part, gives complete sense and is joined to the other part of the sentence with a coordinating conjunction.

12. For example:1 • He got up from his chair.[a simplesentence] • He got up from his chair • He walked to the door. [a simple sentence] he walked to the door.

13. Example: 1 continued • He got up from his chair he walked to the door.

14. Coordinating conjunctions • Conjunctions that join independent or coordinateclauses, i.e. clauses of equal rank or status: and, but, or • He got up from his chairhe walked tothe door. and coordinate clause coordinate clause coordinating conjunction

15. Compound sentence:example 2 • Those dogs barked a lot they did not bite anybody. but

16. Complex Sentence • A sentence which has one main or independentclause and one or more subordinate ordependent clauses joined by any one of the subordinate conjunctions!

17. Complex sentence: • Main or independent clause= a group or words which has a subject and predicate of its own, gives complete sense without the help of the other group of words in a sentence!!

18. Complex sentence(continued)example 1 • He left the party early.He was tired. a simple sentence a simple sentence • He left the party early because he was tired. What happened at the party? =‘He left the partyearly’– main or independent clause(gives complete sense on its own)

19. Complex sentence:example 1(continued) • Why did he leave early? = because he was tired does not give complete sense; it needs the other group of words, so it is a dependent or subordinate clause! He left the party early because he was tired. Main (independent) clausesubordinate (dependent) clause

20. Complex sentence:example 1(continued) • He left the party early because he was tired. main or independent clause dependent or subordinateclause

21. Complex-compound Sentence • A sentence with one or more main or independent clauses and one more subordinate or dependent clauses, joined by one or more subordinate conjunctions and one or more coordinating conjunctions!! • It ends with either a full-stop (period), question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!).

22. Compound-complex Sentence: example 1 • She got up from her chair. a simple sentence She left the meeting hall. a simple sentence She was angry. a simple sentence

23. Compound-complex sentence: example 1(continued) • She got up from her chair coordinate or independent clause she left the meeting hall coordinate or independent clause and coordinating conjunction Compound sentence

24. Compound-complex sentence:example 1 (continued) • She left the meeting hall main or independent clause Why? = because she was angry. subordinate or dependent clause subordinating conjunction complex sentence

25. Compound-complex sentence:example 1 (continued) • She got up from her chair and (she) left the meeting hall because she was angry. Compound complex sentence

27. Statement or Declarative Sentence • A sentence which tells us something or which gives us some information. It ends with a full-stop (period).

28. Statement or Declarative Sentence: example 1 • They are making a speech. • Those young children are parading on the road.

29. Interrogative or Question Sentence • A sentence which asks a question. It ends with a question mark.

30. Interrogative or Question Sentence: example 1 • Who is the president of our country ? How many months are there in a year ?

31. Imperative Sentence • A sentence which expresses an order, command, warning, caution or request. • When an expression has a strong emotion in it, it takes an ‘exclamation mark’; for normal expressions, however, a full-stop (period) is used.

32. Imperative sentence: example 1 • You Keep quiet, please. • You Stay away from me!

33. Imperative sentence:example 2 • You Hands up! The subject of an imperative sentence is always the second person personal pronoun ‘you’; however, it is mostly not mentioned because it is understood (so no need to mention)!

34. Exclamatory sentence • A sentence which is used to express sudden feelings – wonderment, surprise, anger, sorrow, etc. • It ends with an exclamation mark!

35. Exclamatory sentence: example 1 • What a beautiful garden it is! • How grand the palace is!

36. Exclamatory sentence:note • What a beautiful garden it is! • An exclamatory sentence begins with any of the ‘wh’ words, but the ‘wh’ word does not ask a question as it does in an interrogative sentence. • The order of the subject and verb is inversed in a question, whereas in an exclamatory sentence, the order is the same as in the statement sentence – the subject comes first and the verb comes next!

37. Exclamatory sentence: note(continued) • A ‘wh’ question: How grand is verb the palace? subject verb firstsubject second

38. Exclamatory sentence: note(continued) • An exclamatory sentence: How grand the palace subject is verb ! subject firstverb second

39. Kinds of sentences – round up • They are playing billiards . (A) according to the construction – Simple Sentence

40. Kinds of sentences: round up (continued) • They are playing billiards. (B) according to the expression – Statement or Declarative Sentence

41. Kinds of sentences: round up(continued) • Are they playing golf ? (A) according to the construction – simple sentence (B) according to the expression – Interrogative (or Question) Sentence

42. Kinds of sentences: round up(continued) • Is she teaching them or are they teaching her? (A) according to the construction: compound sentence (B) according to the expression: Interrogative sentence

43. Kinds of sentences: round up (continued) • Kick! (A) according to the construction: simple sentence (B) according to the expression: imperative sentence

44. Kinds of sentences: round up(continued) • Eatthatyou may live. (A) according to the construction: complex sentence (B) according to the expression: imperative sentence

45. Kinds of sentences: round up (continued) • Eat that you may livebut don’t live that youmay eat! (A) according to the construction: compound-complex sentence (B) according to the expression: imperative sentence

46. Kinds of sentences: round up (continued) • Do you know these ladies? (A) according to the construction: simple sentence (B) according to the expression: interrogative sentence

47. Kinds of sentences:round up(continued) • What a beautiful garden it is! (A) according to the construction: simple sentence (B) according to the expression: exclamatory sentence

48. Kinds of sentences:round up(continued) • What a magnificent view it is! (A) according to the construction: simple sentence (B) according to the expression: exclamatory sentence

49. Kinds of sentences: round up(continued) • You Stop and you go. What kind of a sentence is it?

50. Kinds of sentences: round up(completed) Can anybody help me, please? What kind of a sentence is it?