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Textile Industry: the First Example of Industrialization. Objective: Scientific and technological changes promoted industrialization in the textile industry in England. Textile Industry: the First Example of Industrialization. England had long been the center of textile production .
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Textile Industry: the First Example of Industrialization Objective: Scientific and technological changes promoted industrialization in the textile industry in England.
Textile Industry: the First Example of Industrialization • England had long been the center of textile production. • Traditionally, British textiles were produced through the putting-out system.
Textile Industry: the First Example of Industrialization • Craftspeople in rural areas spun flax (linen) into fiber (thread) at home. • The fiber was then transported by merchants to other craftspeople who wove the fiber into fabric. • Because the labor was spread out in many workers’ homes, the putting-out system did not produce textiles quickly enough to keep pace with rising demand.
Inventions of New Machines • The putting-out system came to an end with a number of inventions that changed the way textiles were manufactured. • These changes led to the creation of the first textile factories.
Invention of New Machines • In the 18th century, John Kay invented the flying shuttle, which improved a weaving looms. • Traditionally, two people had been needed to work a loom, but the flying shuttle made it possible for one person to do the job. • With the flying shuttle, weavers were able to weave faster than human spinners could spin thread.
Invention of New Machines • In about 1764, James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, which allowed as many as 16 threads to be spun at once. • With it, spinners were able to catch up with the weavers. • These new machines were placed in special buildings, or factories. • Now spinners, weavers, and the machines were brought together in one place.
Invention of New Machines • In 1769, Sir Richard Arkwright, an English industrialist, invented the water frame, a large, water-powered spinning frame that created a strong thread.
Invention of New Machines • The spinning mule, invented in 1779 by Samuel Crompton, was a combination of the spinning jenny and the water frame. • The spinning mule made strong, fine fiber.
Invention of New Machines • The Scotsman James Watt’s improvement of the coal-powered steam engine in 1782 contributed to the growth of the textile industry. • So did Edmund Cartwright’s power loom (1785), which was run by steam power.
Effects of Steam Power • Rushing streams and rivers turned the huge wheels that had provided power used by the early factories. • With the steam-powered water loom, textile factories could be built anywhere, not just near sources of water.
Effects of Steam Power • The steam engine also contributed to the growth of steam-powered railroads in the early 19th century, which allowed merchants to transport goods cheaply long distances over land. • England’s coal industry grew as the use of the steam engine grew. • More workers were needed to mine coal and to run steam powered machines in factories and steam engines in ships and trains.
