Professor Dr. Jin BQ Food Science & Nutrition NJNU

Human Nutrition Professor Dr. Jin BQ Food Science & Nutrition NJNU

§1 Introduction Peoples in different physiological periods • Pregnancy • Lactation • Growth Requirements • Maintenance • Labor or action

§2 Pregnant Nutrition 1 Health pregnant women 2 Double Requirements for mother-foetus

3 Stages of Pregnancy Months F-Weight MW The first (early) 1-3 4mg 0.7-1.4kg The second (middle) 4-6 1%/MW 4-5kg The third (last) 7-9 5-7%/ MW >6kg BW growing Total 10-12.5kg in mother 2-4kg in foetue 285d / 3 phases

4 Changes of Mother-Physiology 4.1 Growth of mother’s BW: 10-12.5kg in total, BMI A Uterus-growing B Placenta-occurring & growing , 10 -13m2 C Embryo-Foetue: Initial BW -3300g, Height-50cm 4mg, 4-6w 5-7% , 9m

Embryo Development

Mother 4.2 The level of Hormones: Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) Human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) Estrogens Progesterone

4.3 Basic metabolism 15-20% 4.4 Change of blood system 30-40% 4.5 Cardiovascular function 40% 4.6 Gastrointestin function 4.7 Renal function 50% Syndrome: Anaemia (IDA) Gristle Leg Dropsy Hyperpressure

5 Mother’s Nutritional Requirement GE (general energy) from % in weeks CH2O 55-60 0-10, +50kcal/d EE (Fat) 20-25 20-30, +200kcal/d CP (protein) 15-25 Last, +400kcal/d Table4-2& DRIs Total, +80,000kcal/350MJ

Early Middle Last • CP +5-10g/d + 15g/d +20g/d • EE • CH2O • Ca / +1000mg/d +1500mg/d • Fe / +25mg/d +35mg/d • I +175 g/d • FH4 +400 g/d from 40d Table4-2 & DRIs

6 Dietary Direction • Eating More Fruits for Vitamins & Minerals • Eating More Animal Protein • Limited E intake For BW control in the last

§3 Lactation Nutrition 1 Health Adult Nursing Mother 2 Combining: Mother-Infant Both Requirement Maintenance Lactating

3 Parturition of Physiological Changes Nutritional storage for milk secretion • Mammary gland development for Lactation • Birth canal preparation Postpartum • Nerve-Hormones: Prolactin, Oxytocin • Parturition:成熟或接近成熟的胎儿从母体娩出胎盘与子宫剥离

Status Changes at moment • 子宫与产道复原 • 血容量减少，脉搏、血压趋于正常 • 呼吸方式复原：胸式呼吸　　胸-腹式呼吸 • 食欲增加 • 体重下降，腹部逐渐复原 • 开始泌乳，哺乳 Suppl.

4 Colostrum • 1-7d • Typicality：粘稠、微黄、微咸，呈弱碱性。 • Ingredients： High protein and immu-globin:IgA，IgM, lactoferrin and others, increasing anti-ill in infant Rich in Vitamins and Minerals HighMg, 具有轻泄作用,帮助胎粪排出 HighFe++, 10 over than milk High Na +, Cl-, K + --- Low Lactose

5 Milk Secretion quantity: 1d--- 50ml 2-14d---100-500ml/d 15d-6m---750-850ml/d after 6m--- 400-600ml/d After 8-14 days The change of ingredients in milk compared to Colostrum

Typicality ：White, sweat • Ingredients ：87.6% H2O Low energy 7%Lactose (H) Mostly albumin Low Fe (no enough to infants) Vitamins level with food changing

Milk Curve

6Mother’s Nutritional Requirement GE from Diet Total 2900kcal/d 12.1MJ/d Mother’s maintain 2100kcal/d 8.8MJ Body fatty deliver 62kcal/d 0.3MJ Nursing 738kcal/d 3.1MJ Higher than pregnancy

Basic Lactating Total CP 70-75g/d 20-30g/d 90-110g/d EE +20% CH2O Ca 800+400=1200mg/d Fe 25mg/d Zn 10mg/d I 200g/d Se 65g/d

Vitamins Vit. A: Increase of milk with intake of mother 800g + 400g = 1200g /d.p Vit. D:Low in milk because of not in milkduct gland from blood of mother Vit. C:Increase from5mg/dl to 8 mg/dl 100mg+ 40mg = 140 mg /d.p Vit. B1: Increase, 0. 02mg/dl, RDA=2.1mg Vit. B2: Increase, 0.03mg/dl, RDA=2.1mg Niacin: Increase, 0.62mg/dl, RDA=21mg FH4: Increase, 50-60g /dl, RDA=270g

7 GE in Milk for Infant % CP 5 Lactose 38 Milk Fat >50 能量比：Prot.:Carb.:Fat = 5%:38%:55%

8 Dietary Direction for mother • Intake more Vit. & minerals from fruits • Intake more better protein from animal foods • Intake more amount nutrients than normal

Professor Dr. Jin BQ Food Science & Nutrition NJNU