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Earthquakes and waves

Earthquakes and waves. Energy Transformation in the form of Seismic Waves. New Island. < http://www.bbc.co.uk/go/em/fr/-/news/world-asia-24272552 >. What do you know about Earthquakes?. Earthquakes. Earthquakes transfer stored energy into kinetic energy in form of seismic waves.

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Earthquakes and waves

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  1. Earthquakes and waves Energy Transformation in the form of Seismic Waves

  2. New Island • < http://www.bbc.co.uk/go/em/fr/-/news/world-asia-24272552 >

  3. What do you know about Earthquakes?

  4. Earthquakes • Earthquakes transfer stored energy into kinetic energy in form of seismic waves. • Waves are an oscillation or vibration that transfers energy

  5. Earthquake Identification and Location • Earthquakes are located and identified by their focus, epicenter and magnitude • Focus: The point where the fracture in rock occurs, (under ground). • Epicenter: The point, on land, directly above the focus point. • Magnitude: The amount of energy or destruction that has been released/caused

  6. Seismographs

  7. Seismographs

  8. Explain the difference between a Focus and an Epicenter?

  9. Magnitude • Richter Scale: Measures the total amount of energy released by the earthquake. • Magnitude 7 or greater is a major quake • Magnitude 6 or less is a minor quake • Magnitude 2 or less is a micro quake or tremor

  10. Magnitude Continued • 2. Mercalli Scale: Measures the degree of destruction that has been caused. This is a scale that is far more subjective in nature. Mercalli scale rates on a scale of I – XII (I) is little damage and (XII) is extreme destruction

  11. Seismic Waves Primary or P waves Secondary or S waves Slower moving wave Arrives at recording stations after the P wave Moves in an up and down way Cause buildings to shake Travels through solid material only • Fastest moving seismic wave • Arrive at recording stations first • Moves in a spring like way • Travel through both liquid and solid material

  12. Primary and Secondary Waves • P waves oscillate through compression and expansion, in the same direction of movement • S waves oscillate in a direction that is perpendicular to direction of movement

  13. L-Waves • L waves are also known as surface waves • They are the slowest but most destructive waves • They are the waves that cause surface rolling

  14. Which is the fastest moving seismic wave? • Which seismic wave is most destructive?

  15. Distance to Epicenter • Seismologists determine the distance to the earthquake’s epicenter through analyzing the difference in arrival times at the recording station. • When arrival times are close, with little difference, the distance to the epicenter is very small. • The greater the difference in arrival times, the further away the epicenter is • Use information from 3 recording stations to triangulate the location

  16. Triangulation

  17. Location of Earthquakes • 3 major locations where earthquakes occur Ring of Fire

  18. Earthquake location continued Mid ocean ridges

  19. Earthquake locations continued The Eurasian-Melanesian Mountain Belt

  20. What is the different plate activity at each of the locations where seismic activity takes place?Ring of Fire, Mid-Ocean Ridge,and Eurasian-MelanesianMountain Range

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