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REDUCING THE IMPACT OF SHIPPING ON THE ENVIRONMENT DECARBONISATION. 1. |. Traffic Pattern of International Shipping. IMO source. Priorities of EU maritime safety & protection of the environment.
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REDUCING THE IMPACT OF SHIPPING ON THE ENVIRONMENT DECARBONISATION 1 |
Traffic Pattern of International Shipping IMO source
Prioritiesof EU maritime safety & protection of the environment • EU adopted measures to eliminate sub-standards shipping and ensure high quality standards for ships flying an EU Member State flag and ships calling at EU ports • Europe is extremely exposed to pollution due to the intensity of the traffic • Two priorities • Reduce accident at sea • Reduce environmental pollution
Reducing operational pollution from ships • Reducing operational pollution at sea – emissions at sea • Illegal discharges at sea through adequate port reception facilities for Marpol Annexes I, II, IV, V • Ballast Water Management Convention • Reducing operational pollution in the atmosphere – air emissions (Marpol Annex VI) • Sulphur emission • Other emissions (Nox and PM)
Reducing Greenhouse Gas emissions - GHG • The European Community has made a firm commitment to reduce the overall greenhouse gas emissions of the Community by at least 20% below 1990 levels by 2020 (30% if other commits or contribute adequately) • International maritime transport is not covered by the commitment. The EU agreed to negotiate an international agreement on climate change with a -20% below 2005 by 2020. • Discussions in the framework of the Climate Change Convention and the Kyoto Protocol are ongoing (COP16/2010 in Cancun and COP 17/2011 South Africa)
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions • General agreement that shipping should contribute to GHG reductions • EU favour global measures to be developed by IMO • Measures should be adapted to the specificities of shipping, flag neutral, avoid competition distortion and carbon evasion/leakage • EU supports the work of the IMO on the development of a package of technical, operational and market based measures to reduce GHG emissions from ships • European Commission is preparing measures which could be developed in line with IMO action or regionally if no IMO measures agreed by 2011
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions • Ensuring a sustainable future for maritime transport • Maritime transport energy consumption and GHG emissions are increasing • GHG emission growth rate is between 2 to 3% for the period up to 2030 • Technologies and procedures are available to significantly reduce emissions at very reasonable costs
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions • Technical and operational measures available • Operational measures • Slow steaming • Voyage optimisation with weather routeing, just on time arrival, ballast operations • Energy management such as savings from auxiliary powers, engine maintenance, cleaning of the hull and propellers • Technical measures • Optimisation of the behaviour of the hull • Propeller efficiency • Recovering energy from propeller
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions • Developing a Market Based Instrument • IMO is examining several options • An Emission Trading Scheme • A International GHG fund based on a levy on bunker fuel • A measure combining elements of a market based instrument (trading of efficiency credit) with the use of mandatory efficiency standards • The European Commission has also made a study on the options availablehttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/transport/pdf/ghg_ships_%20report.pdf • No decision has been taken yat on the system to be developed at EU level
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions • Future work in IMO • MEPC 60: 22-26 March 2010 • Concentrate on the technical and operational measures • MEPC 61: 27 September-1October 2010 • Based on a study to be carried out prior to MEPC 61, indicate which market-based measure IMO could evaluate further and identify the elements that could be included in such a measure • MEPC 62: July 2011 • Report on progress on the development of a MBI measure
Reducing air emissions (Marpol Annex VI) • MARPOL Annex VI: Adopted in 1997, in force in May 2005 (54 contracting Parties – 82.65 % GT) • Ratification by most EU Member States • Revision of the requirements adopted in 2009 • Objectives • Reducing sulphur content of marine fuel • Environmental & health impacts of ship Sulphur emission (SO2) • Acid deposition • Poor air quality
Reducing air emissions (Marpol Annex VI) • Marpol Annex VI current requirements • a global cap for the sulphur content of marine bunker fuels of 4.5% • Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECAs) which restrict the sulphur content of marine fuels to 1.5% • Baltic Sea (implemented in the EU - 11 August 2006) • North Sea & English Channel (implemented in EU - 11 August 2007)
Reducing air emissions (Marpol Annex VI) • EU actions • Directive 2005/33/EC on sulphur content of marine fuels replicates the provisions of MARPOL Annex VI in EU legislation • EU ports : a maximum sulphur content of 0.1% for fuels burned whilst at berth in port from 1 January 2010 • Recommendation on the safe implementation on the use of low sulphur fuel by ships at berth adopted on 21 December 2009 • Recommendation on the use of shore side electricity by ships at berth
Reducing air emissions (Marpol Annex VI) • Revision of Marpol Annex VI • In line with EU policies - Thematic Strategy on air pollution • MEPC 58 adopted a progressive approach for reduction • A global cap of sulphur level to be reduced to 3.5% by 2012 and 0.5% by 2020 (or 2025 if suitable fuel is not available in 2020) • In SECAs by 2010 the sulphur limit of marine fuels would be reduced to 1.0% and by 2015 to 0.1% (or technological equivalent • EU should propose a modification of its legislation to be in line with the revised Marpol Annex VI in 2010
Thank you for your attention Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport http://ec.europa.eu/transport/maritime/index_en.htm