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Planting the Seeds of English America: England's Colonial Efforts in the New World (1500-1733)

This chapter explores England's early attempts at colonization in America, from feeble efforts in the 1500s to the establishment of successful colonies like Jamestown, Virginia. It also delves into the cultural clashes with Native Americans, the development of tobacco culture in Virginia, the founding of Maryland as a haven for Catholics, the emergence of North Carolina, and the establishment of Georgia as a buffer colony.

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Planting the Seeds of English America: England's Colonial Efforts in the New World (1500-1733)

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  1. Chapter 2 The Planting of English America, 1500–1733

  2. I. England’s Imperial Stirrings • 1500s Feeble English colonial efforts • 1558 Elizabeth I, established Protestantism • Catholic Ireland sought Catholic Spain to eliminate English (Protestant) rule • Spain and England develop a rivalry

  3. Table 2-1 p26

  4. King Henry VIII

  5. Queen ‘Bloody’ Mary I

  6. Queen Elizabeth I p25

  7. II. Elizabeth Energizes England • 1570s Francis Drake “sea dogs”. • English colonization • Newfoundland • Roanoke Island (NC) (1585) (‘The lost colony’) • Virginia • Most were ‘failures’ (non-profitable) • 1588 England defeats “Invincible Armada” • End of the Spanish imperial dreams • England to becoming masters of the oceans

  8. Sir Walter Raleigh Roanoke Island Tobacco p26

  9. III. England on the Eve of Empire • Social and economic changes • “surplus population” • Enclosure movement • Geographic mobility • Primogeniture • Joint-stock company (1600s)

  10. OPEN FIELD SYSTEM

  11. ENCLOSED FIELD SYSTEM

  12. England’s ‘surplus population’

  13. IV. England Plants the Jamestown Seedling • 1603 James I became king of England • The Virginia Company colonial charter • Charter gave settlers the rights of Englishmen • May, 1607 Jamestown, Va. was founded

  14. Map 2-1 p27

  15. V. Cultural Clashes in the Chesapeake First Anglo-Powhatan War (1614) War ends, Pocahontas/John Rolfe married Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1644) Indians try to dislodge the Virginians • Powhatan’s Confederacy defeated by… • Disease • Disorganization • Disposability • “The three Ds”

  16. 1646 Treaty Red Line, Colonial land Yellow Area, Native Land

  17. Powhatan

  18. Pocahontas (ca. 1595–1617) p28

  19. John Rolfe (according to a Disney movie)

  20. VI. The Indians’ New World • Europeans disrupted Native American life • Horses • Diseases • Trade and Property issues • Religious and political challenges • Conflict and cooperation

  21. Carolina Indian Woman And Child p29

  22. Carolina Indians (1730s) p30

  23. VII. Virginia: Child of Tobacco • Virginia develops a prosperous tobacco culture • “bewitching weed” and “King Nicotine” • North American slavery starts (1619) • Self-government is born in Virginia (1619) • The House of Burgesses • James I revokes charter • Virginia became a royal colony. (1624)

  24. p31

  25. FIRST VA. HOUSE OF BURGESSES

  26. START the notes HERE!

  27. VIII. Maryland: Catholic Haven • 1634 Maryland founded by Lord Baltimore. • It was partly created as a refuge for Catholics. • Act of Toleration (1649) • Toleration to all Christians • Death to Jews and atheists • Those who denied the divinity of Jesus.

  28. LORDBALTIMORE

  29. Act ofToleration(1649)

  30. IX. The West Indies 1655 England secures many West Indian islands • Sugar based economy • Enslaved Africans work plantations • Barbados slave code (1661) • Defined the slaves’ legal status • “chattel” (property) • Introduced to Carolina later

  31. Sugar Plantation & Slaves

  32. Slaves and Sugar Processing p33

  33. X. Colonizing the Carolinas • 1640-60s English Civil War • 1670 Carolina created • Rice based export colony • Slaves imported to grow rice (African crop) • Charles Town busiest seaport in the South

  34. Table 2-2 p34

  35. XI. The Emergence of North Carolina • “Squatters” arrive • Separated from South Carolina (1712) • North Carolina like Rhode Island • More democratic • More independent-minded • Less aristocratic • Elimination of Coastal Indian nations • 1711-1713 Tuscarora War (NC) • 1715-1716 Yamasee War (SC)

  36. p36

  37. p37

  38. XII. Georgia: The Buffer Colony • 1733 Georgia colony founded as a buffer • From Spanish (FL) French (LA) • Settled by philanthropists (James Oglethorpe) • Settled by those imprisoned for debt. • Supported by British subsidies • Nicknamed "the Charity Colony” • Savannah was a melting-pot community • For all Christian religions

  39. XIII. The Plantation Colonies • Maryland • Virginia • N & S Carolina • Georgia England’s southern mainland colonies shared • Devotion to agricultural products • Slavery • Growth of coastal export cities • Religious (Christian) toleration

  40. Map 2-2 p35

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