What’s Up With the Atom?

1. What’s Up With the Atom? Learning Target: Understand the pieces that make up the atom and be able to create an “atom"

2. Atom: the smallest piece of matter that keeps the properties of an element. What is an atom?

3. How big is an atom? (or should I say…how SMALL is an atom?)

4. So…the three main parts of an atom are: Proton- in the nucleus- positively charged particles Neutron- in the nucleus- neutrally charged particles Electron- rotating the nucleus- negatively charged particles

6. The Periodic Table

7. The periodic table is just a way to organize things!

11. Anyways…..

12. After this lesson you will know: • Metals, nonmetals, & metalloids. • Periods & groups. • Information in each box. • Element families. • Hydrogen & Helium are exceptions • Trends of the Periodic Table

13. Label metals, metalloids, & nonmetals on your Periodic Table Metalloids H 1 He 2 1 Li 3 Be 4 B 5 C 6 N 7 O 8 F 9 Ne 10 Nonmetals 2 Na 11 Mg 12 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Cl 17 Ar 18 3 K 19 Ca 20 Sc 21 Ti 22 V 23 Cr 24 Mn 25 Fe 26 Co 27 Ni 28 Cu 29 Zn 30 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 Br 35 Kr 36 4 METALS Rb 37 Sr 38 Y 39 Zr 40 Nb 41 Mo 42 Tc 43 Ru 44 Rh 45 Pd 46 Ag 47 Cd 48 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 I 53 Xe 54 5 Cs 55 Ba 56 Hf 72 Ta 73 W 74 Re 75 Os 76 Ir 77 Pt 78 Au 79 Hg 80 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84 At 85 Rn 86 * 6 Fr 87 Ra 88 Rf 104 Db 105 Sg 106 Bh 107 Hs 108 Mt 109 W 7 La 57 Ce 58 Pr 59 Nd 60 Pm 61 Sm 62 Eu 63 Gd 64 Tb 65 Dy 66 Ho 67 Er 68 Tm 69 Yb 70 Lu 71 Ac 89 Th 90 Pa 91 U 92 Np 93 Pu 94 Am 95 Cm 96 Bk 97 Cf 98 Es 99 Fm 100 Md 101 No 102 Lr 103

14. Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids Write these characteristics on the right side of your notebook METALS malleable, lustrous, ductile, good conductors NONMETALS gases or brittle solids, poor conductors of heat and electricity (insulators) METALLOIDS (Semi-metals) dull, brittle, semi-conductors (used in computer chips)

15. Electrons in Shells 1. Shells – also called orbits or energy levels. 2. Shells surround the nucleus. 3. Electrons “live” in shells. 4. Shells want to be full – 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 5. Electrons in outer shell make bonds = valence electrons - they react to make full outer shell

16. Number the periods 1-7 • Each row is a different period (Get it? PERIODic table.). • Elements have something in common if they are in the same row. • Same period = same number of shells (orbits). • 1st period = 1 shell • 2nd period = 2 shells • 3rd period = 3 shells • And so on… 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7

17. Number the “tall” Groups 1-8 • A column goes from top to bottom, it's called a group. • Elements in a group = same number of electrons in outer shell. (Valence electrons) • first column (group one) = 1 electron in outer shell. • second column (group two) = 2 electrons in outer shell, etc. • And so on • There are some exceptions to this rule with the transition elements (short columns) 1 8 2 4 5 6 7 3

18. Information in Boxes Each box gives the following information: Atomic number –number of protons (also # of e-) Symbol – for name of element Atomic Mass – total number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus • Electrons = 17 • Protons = 17 • Cl = Chlorine • Atomic Mass = 35 AMU (rounded) • Neutrons = 35-17 = 18

19. Sodium (Na) for Example • How many protons? • How many electrons? • What its atomic mass (rounded)? • How many neutrons? • How many shells? • How many valence electrons are in it’s LAST shell?

20. Were You Correct? • Electrons = 11 • Protons = 11 • Atomic Mass = 23 AMU • Neutrons = 12 • Shells = 3 • Valence electrons = 1

21. Color Code & Label Families of Elements Alkali Metals ElementsLithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs) and Francium (Fr). They are very reactive. Why? • They all have one electron in their outer shell. That's one electron away from being happy (full shells). • Explosive in water Interesting Facts. • Metal • shiny and light weight.

22. Alkaline Earth Metals Elements • beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra). 2nd Most Reactive • give up two electrons Interesting facts • Form bases in solution • Ra - glow-in-the-dark paints. • fireworks, batteries, flashbulbs • Magnesium and calcium important in body

23. Transitional Metals Why Special? • E- can move more • Ex. change from giving 1 E- away to giving 2 E- away, etc. Lanthanide Series • Also called rare-earth • Found naturally on Earth • Only 1 is radioactive Actinide Series • All radioactive • Some man-made in labs

24. Tall Groups 3-6 • Named after 1st element in the group • Boron Family • Carbon Family • Nitrogen Family • Oxygen Family 3A 4A 5A 6A B 5 C 6 N 7 O 8 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84

25. Halogens Elements Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), and Astatine (At). Reactive non-metals 7 electrons in their outer shell. Only need 1 more E- to be full! Interesting FactsWhen a halogen combines with another element, the resulting compound is called a halide. Ex. sodium chloride (NaCl).

26. Noble Gases Elements Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn). Nonreactive • Inert gases • Full outer shells Interesting Facts • Neon used in advertising signs. • Argon used in light bulbs. • Helium used to cool things and in balloons. • Xenon used in headlights. • Can be forced to bond in labs

27. TWO AT THE TOP – Why are they different? • Hydrogen • Not a metal • acts like group 1 or 7 • Only 1 shell • Helium • Only 1 shell • only 2 valence electrons • (can’t have more)

28. General Trends of the Periodic Table • Atoms are arranged by their atomic numbers. • Fr is the most active Metal (botton left) – circle it • F is the most active Nonmetal (top right, but not a noble gas)– circle it • Size increases downward and to the left

29. Now take the Online Quiz • There are 10 questions on the Periodic Table. • Click this link: http://www.chem4kids.com/extras/quiz_elempertable/index.html