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The Atom

The Atom. An Atom Is So Small…. A penny contains 2 x 10 22 atoms Or 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms! It would take a stack of 50,000 aluminum atoms to equal the thickness of a sheet of aluminum foil!. What’s Inside an Atom. BrainPOP Atom.

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The Atom

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  1. The Atom

  2. An Atom Is So Small… A penny contains 2 x 1022 atoms Or 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms! It would take a stack of 50,000 aluminum atoms to equal the thickness of a sheet of aluminum foil!

  3. What’s Inside an Atom BrainPOP Atom • Even though an atom is tiny, it consists of even smaller particles: • Protons • Neutrons • electrons

  4. Inside the Atom: Protons • Protons are positively charged particles of the nucleus • All are identical • Each proton has an amu (atomic mass unit) of 1

  5. Inside the Atom: Neutrons • Neutrons are the particles of the nucleus that have no charge • All neutrons are identical • While neutrons are a bit larger than protons, they are not enough bigger to have a larger amu. Theirs is also =1.

  6. Outside the Atom: Electrons • Electrons are the negatively charged particles in atoms • Likely to be found around the nucleus within electron clouds • Charges of protons and electrons are opposite but equal in size

  7. Charge of An Atom BrainPOP Ions • An atom is neutral (has no overall charge) because there are an equal number of protons and electrons • If there is an inequality between protons and electrons, the atom becomes a charged particle called an ion.

  8. Charge of An Atom • If protons > electrons = positive charge • If electrons > protons = negative charge • Electrons are tiny in mass compared with protons and neutrons • Mass 1 proton ≈ 1800 electrons! So small it’s mass is usually considered to be zero!

  9. Proton Electron How Do Atoms of Different Elements Differ? Let’s build the simplest atom…the hydrogen (H) atom

  10. Can we build bigger atoms? • Sure! Try this on your own paper… • A carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons or • An oxygen atom that has 8 protons, 9 neutrons, and 8 electrons

  11. Protons Neutrons Electron Next, let’s build a Helium atom

  12. Are All Atoms of an Element the Same? • Not necessarily. Some atoms have an unequal number of protons and neutrons. We call these atoms isotopes. • In an isotope, the number of protons in an element always remains the same. The neutrons change.

  13. Do protons and neutrons have to be equal? Nope! However… • The Number of Protons Determines the Element • The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is the atomic number of that atom.

  14. How Can I Tell Which Element is Which?

  15. Let’s review • What is the charge, location, and mass of a proton? • A proton has a 1+ charge, is found in the nucleus, and has a mass of 1 amu

  16. Let’s review • What is the charge, location, and mass of a neutron? • A neutron has no charge, is found in the nucleus, and has a mass of 1 amu

  17. Let’s review • What is the charge, location, and mass of an electron? • An electron has a 1- charge, is found in the electron cloud, and has almost no mass.

  18. Summarize 3 – 2 – 1 Review! • On a sticky note write your name and: • 3 parts of an atom • 2 largest particles in the atom • 1 particle with a negative charge • Place it on the board…gently.

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