The Solar System and Beyond

1. The Solar System and Beyond Earth’s Place in Space

2. Earth-Centered Model • Early Greek scientists thought the planets, the sun, and the moon circled around the Earth. • Everything revolved around the Earth.

3. Dead Guy #1Nicolas Copernicus • Copernicus - was the 1st to develop the sun-centered model of the solar system.

4. Dead Guy #2Galileo Galilei • Galileo - found more evidence to support the sun-centered model by using a telescope.

5. Dead Guy #3Johannes Kepler • Kepler – discovered that the planets orbit was not circular but elliptical.

7. Solar System

8. Scale BIGUniverse l Galaxy l SMALLSolar System

9. Milky Way Galaxy

10. Formation of Universe Big Bang Theory – • Beginning of the Universe • 14 billion year old • Explosion of expanding matter

11. Formation of the Solar System • Our sun and solar system formed from a cloud of gas, ice, and dust. • Formed 5 billion years ago. • Slowing rotating in space.

12. Solar System • Large clumps collided and grew in size. • Larger clumps became planets.

13. Red Shift • Hubble space telescope • Spectral lines in light shifted towards the red end of spectrum • Doppler effect • When object moves away from you waves are stretched out

17. Earth’s Rotation • Earth spins around an imaginary line called an axis • Rotation – the spinning of Earth on its axis • 1 time every 24 hours

18. Rotation • Sun appears to be moving in the sky • Sun rises in east • Sun sets in west • Causes night and day

20. Earth’s Revolution • Orbit – the path of Earth’s movement • Revolution – the path Earth travels as it moves around the Sun • 1 year

22. Earth’s Orbit • Perihelion – point in orbit closes to sun • 147 million km’s • Aphelion – point in orbit farthest from sun • 152 million km’s

23. Seasons • Earth’s axis is tilted • The tilt of Earth causes seasons • Why?

24. Seasons • Part of Earth tilted towards Sun – more direct sunlight • Summer • Part of Earth tilted away from Sun – less direct sunlight • Winter

25. Seasons • Longer days in summer. • Sun is higher on horizon. • Spring and Fall?

26. Equinox – sun appears to cross celestial equator • Solstice – sun is as far north or south from equator

27. Moon Phases • Luna • Moon revolves around Earth • Once every 27.3 days • Moon looks different at different times • WHY?!

28. Moon Phases • Lunar phases are created by changing angles (relative positions) of the earth, the moon and the sun, as the moon orbits the earth.

29. Moon Phases • Looks different at different time of the month. • Moon phases – the change in appearance of the Moon from Earth

30. Moon Phases • Light from Moon is reflected from the Sun • Waxing – looks to be getting larger • Waning – looks to be getting smaller

33. Moon Facts • Dr. Eugene Shoemaker, a Geological Surveyor, who educated the Apollo mission astronauts about craters, never made it into space himself, but it had always been one of his dreams. He was rejected as an astronaut because of medical problems. After he died, his ashes were placed on board the Lunar Prospector spacecraft on January 6, 1999, which was crashed into a crater on the moon on July 31, 1999. The mission was to discover if there was water on the moon at the time, but it also served to fulfill Dr Shoemaker's last wish. • When Neil Armstrong took that first historical step and said "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" it would not have occurred to anyone that the step he took in the dust of the moon was there to stay. It will be there for millions of years because there is no wind on the moon. That is, assuming the downdraft from the Command Module upon takeoff back into space didn't destroy the print. Buzz Aldrin reportedly saw the American flag, much further away, blow over during launch. Nevertheless, any footprints made by the famous astronauts undisturbed by takeoff are, in fact, there to stay. • When Alan Sheppard was on the moon, he hit a golf ball and drove it 2,400 feet, nearly one half a mile.

34. Moon Facts • In a survey conducted in 1988, 13% of those surveyed believed that the moon is made of cheese. • The multi layer space suits worn by the astronauts to the moon weighed 180 pounds on earth, but thirty pounds on the moon due to the lower gravity. • Apollo 15 was the first mission to use a lunar rover. The top speed that was ever recorded in this 4-wheeled land vehicle was 10.56 miles per hour. • The moon rotates at 10 miles per hour compared to the earth's rotation of 1000 miles per hour. • The dark spots we see on the moon that create the image of the man in the moon are actually craters filled with basalt, which is a very dense material. • The moon is the only extraterrestrial body that has ever been visited by humans. It is also the only body that has had samples taken from it.

35. Eclipses • Solar Eclipse – Moon appears to be blocking out the Sun • Sun – Moon - Earth

37. Eclipses • Lunar Eclipse – Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon • Moon – Earth - Sun