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Oats, Wheat, & Forage

Oats, Wheat, & Forage. Types of Production. 1. Grain (Foodstuff and Feedstuff) By-product is straw 2. Hay Small bale Large bale 3. Silage Pit Bag. Land rotation program. It can follow Corn, Sudan, Cotton, Alfalfa, Trees (Almond or Walnut), ect. Wheat. Top producing states are:

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Oats, Wheat, & Forage

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  1. Oats, Wheat, & Forage

  2. Types of Production • 1. Grain (Foodstuff and Feedstuff) • By-product is straw • 2. Hay • Small bale • Large bale • 3. Silage • Pit • Bag

  3. Land rotation program • It can follow Corn, Sudan, Cotton, Alfalfa, Trees (Almond or Walnut), ect..

  4. Wheat • Top producing states are: • Kansas • Texas • Oklahoma • Montana • North Dakota

  5. Wheat • Commercial Wheat Classes • Hard Red Winter Wheat • Hard Red Spring Wheat • Soft Red Winter Wheat • Hard White Wheat • Soft White Wheat • Durum Wheat

  6. Hard Red Winter • Fall seeded • Accounts for more than 40% of total U.S. production. • Wide range of protein content 10 – 13.5% • Used to produce bread, rolls, and all-purpose flour

  7. Hard Red Spring Wheat • The highest protein content at 13 – 16.5% • Excellent bread qualities with superior milling and baking qualities • Spring seeded

  8. Soft Red Winter Wheat • Low to medium protein content • Used for making pastries, cakes, flat breads, and crackers

  9. Hard White Wheat • Newest class of wheat to be grown in the U.S. • Similar to hard red, except grain color and flavor • Used in yeast breads, hard rolls, tortillas, and oriental noodles

  10. Soft White Wheat • Similar uses as soft red winter wheat • Low protein and high yeilds

  11. Durum Wheat • Hardest of all U.S. wheats • Spring planted • High protein content 12-16% • Used for making pasta products

  12. Species of Wheat • There are 3 species of wheat. • 7 pairs of chromosomes • 14 pairs of chromosomes • 21 pairs of chromosomes

  13. Land Preparation • This will depend on what crop it follows. • Must typical; • Chisel or Rip • Disk 2x • Drill (could be broadcasted, then harrowed) • Roller

  14. Planting Dates • Irrigated • September - March • Dry Land • Depends on rainfall. After a good storm.

  15. Seeding rates • Irrigated • 75 – 100 lbs/ac • Dry land • 40 – 60 lbs/ac

  16. Fertilization • 50 to 60 lbs/acre Nitrogen • 22 lbs/acre Phosphorous • 8 lbs/acre Potassium • Lagoon water is used if available

  17. Irrigation • Unless planted very early in the season or there is a dry winter, usually no irrigation. • Some dairy’s empty their lagoons by irrigating the wheat.

  18. Pest Problems • Hessian Fly • Wheat jointworm • Wheat strawhorn • Wireworm • Wheat stem sawfly • Green bug.

  19. Hessian Fly

  20. Wheat jointworm

  21. Wheat strawhorn

  22. Wireworm

  23. Wheat stem sawfly

  24. Green bug

  25. Weed management • Spray with Buctril, 2-4 D, MCPA at a rate of 1 pint/ac • Common weeds will be chickweed, fiddle neck, burning nettle.

  26. Diseases Wheat • Rust • Bunt • Wheat scab • Loose smut • Take all root rot • Wheat scab • Mosaics

  27. Rust

  28. Bunt

  29. Wheat scab

  30. Loose smut

  31. Take all root rot

  32. Wheat scab

  33. Mosaics

  34. Harvesting • When to cut for hay? • When to cut for silage • Grain? 13%

  35. Milling Wheat & Wheat By-Products • Clean • Wash if needed • Cracking and crushing into small fine particles • Bran is darker and goes into lower grades of flour • Whiter fractions go into the higher grades of flour – patent flour • Then it is further bleached (chlorine & hydrogen peroxide is used)

  36. Milling Wheat & Wheat By-Products • By-products are often called “offal” • Middlings (granular fractions of endosperm) are sold as “cream of Wheat” • Other by-products are sold as animal feed.

  37. Grades • Table 19-6 on page 566 • 1,2,3,4, & 5 • U.S. sample grade

  38. Diseases • Oats, none but there is rust • Wheat • Rust • Bunt • Wheat scab • Loose smut • Take all rot rot • Wheat scab

  39. Pest Problems • In oats - Aphids • If they get to bad, don’t spray just cut.

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