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Phylum Porifera. the Sponges. Taxonomic Referencing. K ing P hilip C ame O ver F or G ood S oup (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species). Tree of Life. Tree of Life. Tree of Life. Protozoans – Animals whose bodies consist of single cells
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Phylum Porifera the Sponges
Taxonomic Referencing • King Philip Came Over For Good Soup • (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)
Tree of Life • Protozoans – Animals whose bodies consist of single cells • Metazoans - Animals whose bodies consist of many cells
General Information • Kingdom : Animalia • Phylum : Porifera • Porifera = “pore bearer” Yellow barrel sponge Pink lumpy sponge
General Information Size range: 1cm to 2m in diameter Giant Barrel sponges
General Information • They are without organs, mouth, digestive system or nervous tissue
Body Structure Ostia – small pores where water enters Oscullum – large hole through which water flows to deliver food, oxygen and carry away waste products
Body Structure • Collar Cells – cells bearing flagella that maintain a steady current of water through the sponge • Amoebocytes – transport food to other cell layers
Body Structure • Spicules – skeleton of the sponge, secreted by amebocyte cells; made of calcium carbonate or silica • Spongin – flexible protein, holds cells together
Level of organization *Body composed of cells, not tissues Japanese Deep Sea Sponge
Habitat -Both marine and freshwater -Both tropical and polar climates Purple Rope sponge Fresh-water Sponge
Youtube Video • Wonderful World of Sea Sponges • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BW05vMziy2o
Feeding -Sponges are heterotrophic; considered filter feeders. -Filter Feeder - organism which obtains nutrition by filtering small food particles from water
Feeding Process 1. Water & food goes in via ostia 2. Choanocytes (collar cells) trap food 3. Amoebocytes transfer food to other cells 4. Water exits through oscullum
Sponge Feeding • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc&NR=1
Respiration -Through diffusion
Internal transport • Through diffusion
Response • NONE ! • No nervous system Pipe organ sponge
Locomotion Locomotion – movement or motility -Larvae are free-swimming, use cilia -Adults are sessile (do not move)
Regeneration • Tremendous ability to repair and restore lost parts • Can also rebuild self if totally disintegrated
Reproduction -Porifera have both sexual and asexual reproduction • Asexual - budding
Reproduction 2. Sexual a. Most monoecious = hermaphrodites, both sexes in same organism • Egg & sperm produced • Self fertilization results in free-swimming larvae
Reproduction 2. Sexual b. Some dioecious – have separate sexes • Egg OR sperm produced • Cross fertilization results in larvae • Larvae settles on sea floor to become adult
Sponge Reproduction • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOFFzXNYJG0&feature=related
Ecological Roles • Create habitat for other organisms • B. Food source for some
Sea Turtle Feeding on Sponge • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tl_gjeXKDps&feature=related
Ecological Roles Home use: the bath sponge bathing, cleaning
Ecological Roles Medical research - Sponges don’t get cancer. -Why not? Maybe we can use what keeps them from getting cancer to treat humans………..