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Phylum Porifera

Phylum Porifera. Sponges. Porifera. Sponges Living on Earth for at least 540 million years Most sponges live in the ocean Arctic to the tropics shallow water to depths of several hundred meters They are dry sponges were use for Bathing Cleaning. Porifera. What is a Sponge?

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Phylum Porifera

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  1. Phylum Porifera Sponges

  2. Porifera • Sponges • Living on Earth for at least 540 million years • Most sponges live in the ocean • Arctic to the tropics • shallow water to depths of several hundred meters • They are dry sponges were use for • Bathing • Cleaning

  3. Porifera • What is a Sponge? • Sponges are placed in the phylum Porifera (poh-RIF-ur-uh) which means “pore-bearers.” • Sponges have tiny openings, or pores, all over their bodies • Sponges are sessile, meaning that they live their entire adult life • They have irregular symmetry

  4. Porifera • Why are sponges considered animals? • Sponges are multicellular, heterotrophic, have no cell walls and contain only a few specialized cells. Water flow

  5. Porifera: Structure • Specialized cells of sponges: • Collar cells or choanocytes – Use flagella to move a study current of water through the sponge. • Osculum – A large hole at the top of the sponge • Spicule– spike-shaped structure made of chalklike calcium carbonate or glasslike silica • Amoebocyte – move around within the walls of the sponge and carry food to other cells

  6. Porifera: Digestion • Sponges are filter feeders – take microscopic food particles from the water. • As water moves through the sponge, food is trapped and engulfed by collar cells (choanocytes) that line the body cavity • Then, food gets passed to amebocytes who take the food to the rest of the cells in the body

  7. Porifera • How do they breathe? • Sponges rely on the movement of water through their bodies to carry out body functions: • Respiration – oxygen obtained from the water • Excretion – removal of wastes into the water

  8. Porifera • How do they reproduce? • Reproduction can be sexually or asexually. • Adults produce gemmules which can withstand harsh conditions and grow into an adult sponge • Reproduce asexually by regeneration – tear of a piece of sponge and a complete new sponge will appear.

  9. Porifera • How important are sponges to the environment? • Many sponges are large and have irregular shapes and provide habitats • Commensalism and partnerships • EX: bacteria provide food and oxygen to the sponge while the sponge provides protected area.

  10. Porifera • Types of Sponges • Calcareous sponges • Found in shallow waters around the world • Spikes made of calcium carbonate (lime)

  11. Porifera • Types of Sponges • Glass sponges • Skeleton consists of crystalline silicon dioxide • Generally found in deep, tropical waters

  12. Porifera • Types of Sponges • Demospongiae (Bath sponges) • Skeleton is elastic (spongin) fibers • Found in the Caribbean Encrusting Sponge

  13. Phylum Ctenophora Comb Jelly

  14. Ctenophora • Ctenophores (Greek for “comb-bearers”) have eight “comb rows” of fused cilia arranged along the sides of the animal (red rows) • The cilia beat and propel the animal through the water

  15. Ctenophora • Ctenophora are commonly known as comb jellies and are voracious predators • 50 species • Most species are planktonic carnivores and transparent which feed on zooplankton • Light-scattering cilia and bioluminescence • Lack stinging cells but capture prey by sticky cells called colloblasts • Favorite food of sea turtles

  16. Ctenophora • Reproduction • Most are hermaphroditic • Release egg and sperm in water, where sperm must find the egg to fertilize it • Fertilized eggs develop through larval stage that hatches into an adult; no medusa stage Sea gooseberry

  17. Phylum Cnidarians Hydras, jellyfishes, sea anemones and corals

  18. Cnidarians • What is a cnidarian (ny-DAYR-ee-n)? • 10,000 species • Soft-bodied, carnivorous animals • Stinging tentacles arranged in circles around their mouths • Simplest animals to have radial symmetry and specialized tissues.

  19. Cnidarians • Specialized cells of cnidarians • Cnidocytes – stinging cells that are located along their tentacles • Nematocyst – poison-filled, stinging structure that contains a tightly coiled dart.

  20. Cnidarians • Form and Function in Cnidarians • Simple organisms and only a few cells thick • Responses to the environment are carried out by specialized cells and tissues. • Life cycle that includes two different-looking stages: • Polyp stage • Medusa stage

  21. Cnidarians • Polyp stage • Cylindrical body with armlike tentacles. • Mouth points upward • Polyps are usually sessile

  22. Cnidarians • Medusa Stage • Motile • Bell-shaped body • Mouth on the botton

  23. Cnidarians • How do Cnidarians feed? • After paralyzing its prey, cnidarian pulls the prey through its mouth into its gastrovascularcacity

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