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Pineal Gland

Pineal Gland. “Third Eye”. P hotosensitive ganglion cells – transmit information to p ineal gland. Pineal gland is inhibited by light, specifically blue light, 460-480 nm. S uprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) CNS signal to pineal for release of melatonin. Melatonin.

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Pineal Gland

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  1. Pineal Gland “Third Eye” Photosensitive ganglion cells – transmit information to pineal gland. Pineal gland is inhibited by light, specifically blue light, 460-480 nm

  2. Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) CNS signal to pinealfor release of melatonin

  3. Melatonin Targets: Brain, Immune System, Reproductiveorgans, Pituitary Gland, and other Synch body’s biological clock, may inhibit Gonadotropins (timing of puberty)

  4. Elysiachlorotica green sea slug

  5. Pancreas More specifically Islets of Langerhans Alpha Cells – Produce Glucagon Beta Cells – Produce Insulin Both are peptide hormones

  6. Glucagon Promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucosein the liver. Insulin Promotes liver, muscles and fat tissue to absorb Glucose from blood. Stored as glycogen in liver and muscles Stored as triglycerides in fat cells

  7. When can we expect insulin to be released?

  8. Type 1 Diabetes (Childhood) Type 2 Diabetes (Onset) Gestational Diabetes

  9. Symptoms: Hyperglycemia Frequent Urination Increase Thirst Increase Appetite

  10. Type 1: Autoimmune disease Body destroys it’s own beta cells 10%-15% of all people with diabetes have type 1 Not Preventable

  11. Type 2: More Common Due to reduced insulin production orreduced ability of insulin to bind to receptors 15% of all people with diabetes have type 1 Treatable with insulin monitoring andproper diet

  12. Gestational Diabetes 2%-10% of pregnant woman Caused by high glucose levels during pregnancy Hormonal changes may effect insulin production - Placenta

  13. Parathyroid Releases Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Stimulates Ca2+ release from bone Increase Ca2+ uptake from kidney and intestines

  14. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Stimulates enzymes in the kidneys to convert vitamin D into calcitriol(Active form in the body) Calcitriol promotes absorption of Ca2+ Done via synthesis of calcium-binding proteins (helps absorption) Increases release of Ca2+ from bones

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