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DNA

DNA. Biology – Mr. Femia. Heredity. The genetic information that makes you look the way you do. Inherit. You inherit information from your parents. Nucleic Acid. Molecules that store information about heredity in cell. DNA Only in the nucleus Phosphate Sugar –Deoxyribose

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DNA

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  1. DNA Biology – Mr. Femia

  2. Heredity • The genetic information that makes you look the way you do

  3. Inherit • You inherit information from your parents

  4. Nucleic Acid • Molecules that store information about heredity in cell

  5. DNA Only in the nucleus Phosphate Sugar –Deoxyribose Nitrogen bases (ATCG) A – adenine T – thymine G – guanine C- cytosine RNA From the nucleus to the cytoplasm Phosphate Sugar- Ribose Nitrogen bases (AUCG) A U – uracil C G Examples of nucleic acid

  6. phosphate Sugar nitrogen base phosphate Sugar nitrogen base DNA RNA

  7. Complimentary Base Pairing • Adenine always pairs with Thymine or Uracil • A---T or U • Guanine always pairs with Cytosine • G---C

  8. A---T C---G

  9. Shape - Double Helix • Nucleotides pair up and twist to form a spiral staircase

  10. Discovered by Watson and Crick

  11. The sequence of different nitrogen bases along one strand of DNA is a code for protein. Genetic Code

  12. Nucleotides are arranged into groups of three. Also called triplets – 2 nitrogen bases Codon

  13. Each codon represents one of the 20 different amino acids AAA ATT AAT Amino acids

  14. So… • Every 3 nitrogen bases make up one codon • Every codon codes for a specific amino acid • Many amino acids bonded together make up a protein

  15. Amino Acids are put together to make proteins • Examples • Fingernails • Hair • Skin • Muscles

  16. So……. • DNA is important because it helps determine the proteins that you are made of!

  17. Replication of DNA • Remember….Heredity is the passing of information from parents to you • This information must also be passed form one cell to the next when new cells are made (during which process?) • So……DNA must be replicated.

  18. DNA replication - must make sure each cell in the same organism has exactly the same copy of DNA The Goal

  19. Is it possible for there to be a mistake when replicating DNA? Mutation

  20. Can result in Cancer Retardation Sterility Physical alterations Germ Cell Tumor Mutation

  21. Exposure to Sun Radiation Chemicals Or a simple mistake Causes

  22. Why? In order for a cell to divide, it must first have 2 copies of DNA One for the original cell and one for the new cell Replication of DNAthe process of copying DNA in a cell

  23. Replication Fork The point where the double helix opens or unzips A enzyme unzips the double helix Replication

  24. Another enzyme puts free nucleotides into the correct place Replication

  25. Each new double helix that is formed consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand Notice the old molecule was blue and a new molecule still has a blue strand Semi Conservative Replication

  26. Let’s see this in action… • http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.html http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/dna-rna2.swf http://www.dnai.org/

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