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Marine Data – A Big Issue

Marine Data – A Big Issue. Lesley Rickards Deputy Director, British Oceanographic Data Centre NODCi Symposium, Amsterdam – 9 April 2009. Joseph Proudman Laboratory, 6 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L3 5DA, U.K. ljr@bodc.ac.uk. Marine Data – A Big Issue. Introduction Where are we now?

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Marine Data – A Big Issue

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  1. Marine Data – A Big Issue Lesley Rickards Deputy Director, British Oceanographic Data Centre NODCi Symposium, Amsterdam – 9 April 2009 Joseph Proudman Laboratory, 6 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L3 5DA, U.K. ljr@bodc.ac.uk NODCi 9 April 2009

  2. Marine Data – A Big Issue Introduction Where are we now? • Data archiving • Data discovery • Data exploration and delivery What have we learnt? • How not to build a global data system? What is the way forward? • Metadata • Quality control • Data transfer and access • Examples of integrated marine data systems under development Conclusion NODCi 9 April 2009

  3. Marine Data – A Big Issue Why are marine data important? • Underpin many of our activities, e.g. • Scientific research, modelling, monitoring and assessment • Fundamental to understanding processes that control our natural environment • Often irreplaceable – always unique • Spatial and temporal coverage is quite sparse • Can also be extremely expensive to collect • Important to ensure that maximum benefit derived from data • Answer local questions (e.g. coastal flooding) and global issues (e.g. prediction of the impact of global warming) • “capture once – use many times” NODCi 9 April 2009

  4. Marine Data – A Big Issue Data policies • Maximise use of data • Aim should be to make data freely available • Promote free access to data – but protect IPR • WMO Resolution 40 • IOC Data Exchange Policy (IOC Resolution XX-6) promote free and open access to data • International Council for Science, ICSU “science has long been best served by a system of minimal constraints on the availability of data and information” • ICES – new data policy • National and project data policies NODCi 9 April 2009

  5. Marine Data – A Big Issue Key questions from the User: • Where can I send my data to ensure they are preserved? • Where can I find data of interest, and how can I get them? Where are we now? • Archive - assemble and preserve data • Discovery - find what data and information are available • Exploration - determine what data are needed • Delivery - acquire the data of interest NODCi 9 April 2009

  6. Marine Data – A Big Issue Data archiving NODCi 9 April 2009

  7. Data constitute the raw material of scientific understanding. The World Data Center system works to guarantee access to solar, geophysical and related environmental data. It serves the whole scientific community by assembling, scrutinizing, organizing and disseminating data and information. Marine Data – A Big Issue 52 Centres in 12 countries including three for oceanography hosted by USA, Russia and China and one for Marine Environmental Data hosted by Germany NODCi 9 April 2009

  8. Marine Data – A Big Issue • Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) • established by ICSU • collection, publication, analysis and interpretation of sea level data from the global tide gauge network • 55000 station-years of monthly and annual • mean values of sea level • over 1800 tide gauge stations • 200 national authorities • 2000 station-years of data received annually NODCi 9 April 2009

  9. Marine Data – A Big Issue ICES Data Centre • Long history • Publication of raw scientific data • Now fish catch, fisheries biological data, oceanographic, marine contaminants • Intercalibration exercises; advice on quality control NODCi 9 April 2009

  10. Marine Data – A Big Issue • Over 60 National Oceanographic Data Centres established by IOC/IODE • Very varied data holdings 92% physical oceanographic data 78% chemical data 72% biological data 55% marine meteorology and atmospheric data 52% geological and geophysical data 30% real-time data ~50% data relevant to the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) ~40% links with science programmes (e.g. CLIVAR, Argo, GLOBEC) NODCi 9 April 2009

  11. Marine Data – A Big Issue World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Data System NODCi 9 April 2009

  12. Marine Data – A Big Issue Data discovery NODCi 9 April 2009

  13. Marine Data – A Big Issue Discovery– find what data and information are available NODCi 9 April 2009

  14. Marine Data – A Big Issue Data exploration and delivery NODCi 9 April 2009

  15. Marine Data – A Big Issue • Argo, GOSUD, OceanSITES • Plus… • Drifting Buoys (DBCP) • GTSPP • GLOSS (Sea Level) • Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Centre (CDIAC) • etc., etc. Global Ocean Surface Underway Data (GOSUD) Temperature and salinity data available NODCi 9 April 2009

  16. Marine Data – A Big Issue Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) • Over 13 million locations for 78,000 species can now be integrated from 145 interoperable datasets online • Global geo-referenced information • Accurately identified marine species • Part of the Census of Marine Life (CoML) • Coastal and Oceanic Plankton Ecology, Production and Observation Database • Integrated data set of quality-controlled, globally distributed: • zooplankton and phytoplankton abundance • biomass • composition data • co-sampled environmental data NODCi 9 April 2009

  17. Marine Data – A Big Issue • Liverpool Bay Coastal Observatory • To understand a coastal sea's response both to natural forcing and to the consequences of human activity • Integrate (near) real-time measurements with coupled models into a pre-operational coastal prediction system NODCi 9 April 2009

  18. Marine Data – A Big Issue GIS developments • Canadian GeoBrowser • MAREANO - Norway • EU Mapping European Seabed Habitats (MESH) • Marine Irish Data Atlas (MIDA) NODCi 9 April 2009

  19. Marine Data – A Big Issue What have we learnt? Current problems We have no common way to: • Discover data of interest • Assess or indicate quality • Name variables and attributes • Handle the variety of data from different disciplines Duplication of data and information: • Many times! • Same data from different places looks different NODCi 9 April 2009

  20. Marine Data – A Big Issue The next steps NODCi 9 April 2009

  21. Marine Data – A Big Issue What are the next steps? How to build a global marine data system How would we approach this? • Determine objectives • Assess problems in current systems • Find solutions – without creating bigger problems! • Exploit new technologies • New ideas on data handling • New ideas on data usage • Agree standard practices and protocols • Would require cooperation on a scale not yet seen! • Everyone would need to change their current practices • But the payoff would be large and shared by all NODCi 9 April 2009

  22. Marine Data – A Big Issue The key:STANDARDS IOC-IODE/JCOMM Standards Forum www.oceandatastandards.org Ocean Data ATM NODCi 9 April 2009

  23. Marine Data – A Big Issue Metadata NODCi 9 April 2009

  24. Marine Data – A Big Issue • Naming Standards • Variables get different “names” at different places • Possible that different variables get the same name • Creates confusion on data delivery • No standards • Marine Metadata Interoperability (MMI) project • SeaVox NODCi 9 April 2009

  25. Marine Data – A Big Issue Quality control NODCi 9 April 2009

  26. Marine Data – A Big Issue Why quality control? Loss of data quality can occur at many stages: • At the time of collection • During digitisation • During documentation • During storage and archiving • During analysis and manipulation • At time of presentation • And through the use to which they are put NODCi 9 April 2009

  27. Marine Data – A Big Issue • Projects have tried to standardise procedures • e.g. some global and EU projects – GODAR, GTSPP, GOSUD, Surface drifter archive, Argo) • Real-time – need automatic checks • SeaDataNet project => quality control manual starting from existing procedures and standards • All parameters including: • marine biology • biodiversity • fisheries • chemistry • Best practice => documented, recommended and easily accessible NODCi 9 April 2009

  28. Marine Data – A Big Issue Data transfer and access NODCi 9 April 2009

  29. Marine Data – A Big Issue • Open-source Project for a Network Data Access • Protocol • software which makes local data accessible to remote locations regardless of local storage format • uses existing network protocols and technologies (based on the HTTP) • freely available • Distributed Generic Information Retrieval (DiGIR) • protocol and a set of tools for retrieving structured data from multiple, heterogeneous databases across the Internet • uses open protocols and standards, such as HTTP and XML • public open source project • Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) • non-profit, international, voluntary consensus standards organization that is leading the development of standards for geospatial and location based services NODCi 9 April 2009

  30. Marine Data – A Big Issue Examples of systems under development NODCi 9 April 2009

  31. Marine Data – A Big Issue NODCi – A National Infrastructure for access to oceanographic and marine data and information in The Netherlands • Marine Environmental Data and Information Network (MEDIN) – A collaborative and open partnership, open to all with an interest in improving our management of marine data and information, and developing better access to our marine data resources NODCi 9 April 2009

  32. Marine Data – A Big Issue US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Plan for Data Management and Communications (DMAC) NODCi 9 April 2009

  33. Marine Data – A Big Issue SeaDataNet • An initiative to improve the level of quality, the long term stewardship and the accessibility of marine data NOTE ALSO: • ECOOP • MyOcean • EMODNET NODCi 9 April 2009

  34. Marine Data – A Big Issue End-to-End Data Management (E2EDM) Pilot Project (JCOMM/IODE ETDMP) NODCi 9 April 2009

  35. Marine Data – A Big Issue Conclusions NODCi 9 April 2009

  36. Marine Data – A Big Issue Conclusions: • Increasingly data recognised as a valuable resource • But a culture change required • The “Big Issue” of marine data is for us all • Good data management begins at home • We must all work together to: • Establish common ways to discover data of interest • Name variables and attributes of data and information • Assess or indicate the quality of data in our archives • Handle data from the variety of disciplines • Stop duplicating copies of data • Build upon what already exists • Work together - not in isolation • Do not reinvent the wheel • Future convergence of developing systems • Can lead to development of a Marine Data “ATM” NODCi 9 April 2009

  37. Marine Data – A Big Issue Finally the wider context: • WMO Information System (WIS) • International Polar Year • OBIS and CoML • Our political leaders have signed up to GEO (Group on Earth Observations) • GEO is leading a worldwide effort to build a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) over the next 10 years, building upon existing systems • Transforming the data into vital information for society • Marine data must form an important component of this NODCi 9 April 2009

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