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Motion in One Dimension: Speed, Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration

This chapter covers the basic concepts of motion in one dimension, including speed, displacement, average and instantaneous velocity, acceleration, and the laws of motion. It also explains the difference between dynamics and kinematics and provides examples and graphical interpretations of motion equations. Additionally, it explores Galileo's contributions to the study of motion, the concept of free fall, and various cases of objects thrown or dropped. The chapter concludes with real-life examples and problem-solving exercises.

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Motion in One Dimension: Speed, Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration

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  1. Chapter 2 Motion in One Dimension • Speed • Displacement • Average and Instantaneous velocity • Acceleration • Motion Diagrams • 1D motion with constant acceleration • Law of falling body

  2. Dynamics • What is Dynamics? • What is Kinematics?

  3. Objects in Motion • How does one describe motion?

  4. Position and Displacement • Position • Definition • Representation • Units • Displacement • Definition • Representation • Units • Difference between displacement and distance

  5. Vector and Scalar Quantities • What are vectors? • Why do I need them? • How do I represent them • During problem solving on paper • On Diagrams

  6. Speed and Velocity • Average Speed • Definition • Calculation • Units • Average Velocity • Definition • Calculation • Units • Difference between speed and velocity

  7. Finding Average Velocity on graphs

  8. Instantaneous and Uniform Velocity • Definition • What is it? • How do I calculate it from graph? • What is uniform velocity?

  9. Example A toy train moves slowly along a straight portion of track according to the graph of position versus time shown. Find a) the average velocity of the total trip, b) the average velocity during the first 4.0s of motion, c) the instantaneous velocity at t=9.0s

  10. Acceleration • Definition • Representation • Units • Average acceleration • Instantaneous acceleration • Uniform acceleration • Graphical interpretation

  11. Graphical Interpretation

  12. Example A baseball player moves in a straight-line path in order to catch a fly ball hit to the out field. His velocity as a function of time is shown. Find his instantaneous acceleration at points A, B and C.

  13. Relationship Between Acceleration and Velocity

  14. Kinematic Equations • Used in situations with uniform acceleration

  15. Example A bus moving at a speed of 40 m/s begins to slow at a rate of 3 m/s each second. Find how far it goes before stopping?

  16. Example An object starts from rest with constant acceleration of 10 m/s2 along a straight line. Find a) the speed at the end of 5 seconds, b) the average speed at the 5 second interval, c) the distance traveled in 5 seconds.

  17. Graphical Interpretation of the Equation

  18. Galileo Galilee • 1564 - 1642 • Galileo formulated the laws that govern the motion of objects in free fall • Also looked at: • Inclined planes • Relative motion • Thermometers • Pendulum

  19. Free Fall • What is the Law of falling body? • Galileo's hypothesis • Representation • Value of g for earth • Estimated value • Approximate value • Direction of • Why g is not a universal constant?

  20. Free Fall – Cases Thrown Up Dropped Thrown down v = 0 vo= 0 a = g=-9.8 m/s2 vo≠ 0 & -ve a = g=-9.8 m/s2 vo≠ 0 & +ve a = g=-9.8 m/s2 everywhere Symmetric or non-symmetric

  21. Example A ball is dropped from rest at a height of 50 m above the ground, a) what is the speed just before it hits the ground? b) how long does it take to reach the ground? Ignore air friction

  22. Example Two rocks are thrown vertically up with a velocity of V and 4V. The ratio of the maximum heights reached (ha/hb) by the rocks is…

  23. Example Jack and Jill walk down the hill to fetch a pail of water. Jack’s walking path is described by the equation y=0.1x+5 and Jill’s walking path is described by the equation y=0.2x+1. If the source of water is 13 meters away, who reached the river first.

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