The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968

1. The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968 Section 1 : The Movement Begins (pgs. 622 – 629). • Why is this man impt ? • Who is this woman ?

2. The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968 Section 1 : The Movement Begins • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court declares segregation constitutional ( legal). • Laws that segregated African Americans . • African Americans had same rights ,but used separate facilities that were “EQUAL “. • Jim Crow Laws • Segregated areas in buses,trains, parks, pools, • restaurants & other public facilities. • Poorer quality than White facilities. • De facto Segregation • Segregation by custom or tradition, e.g. – neighborhoods, dances churches restaurants & other public facilities.

3. The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968 Section 1 : The Movement Begins Court Challenges Since 1909, NAACP supported court decisions which were intended to overturn segregation. • Norris v Alabama • African-Americans can’t be excluded from juries , violated equal protection under the law. • Morgan v Virginia • Segregation on interstate buses was unconstitutional • Sweatt v Painter • State law schools must admit qualified African-American applicants, even if parallel black law schools exist.

4. The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968 Section 1 : The Movement Begins New Political Power • Before WW I , most African Americans lived in the South • Great Migration – African Americans moved to Northern cities, were allowed to vote. The Democratic party listened to their concerns/issues and so African Americans registered as Democrats.

5. The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968 Section 1 : The Movement Begins Push for Desegregation • During WW II , African Americans began to demand more rights,esp in the military. • CORE- Congress of Racial Equality founded by James Farmer/George Houser. • Began to use SIT-INS as form of protest. Attempted to desegregate restaurants that refused to serve African-Americans. Intended to shame restaurant managers into allowing African Americans to be served the same as White customers.

6. REVIEW • Explain the relationship between 2 court cases – Plessy v Ferguson & Brown v. Board of Education • Explain the Great Migration – what happened to the population in the South, in the North ? • Explain the difference between Jim Crow Laws and De Facto Segregation, give an example of each.

7. The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968 Section 1 : The Movement Begins Brown v. Board of Education . • Linda Brown – African American young girl denied the right to attend her neighborhood school in Topeka, Kansas. • Thurgood Marshall – NAACP attorney argued before Supreme Court. for end of segregation in public schools. • SupremeCourt unanimously ruled segregation was unconstitutional & violated equal protection clause of 14th amendment.

8. The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968 Section 1 : The Movement Begins Southern Resistance • Angered white Southerners who were determined to defend segregation in spite of Supreme Court ruling. • Convinced many African- Americans that the time had come to challenge segregation. • Term “ all deliberate speed”, did not give specific time frame, vague enough to keep segregation going for many more years. • Southern Manifesto – encouraged white Southerners to use all lawful means to reverse decision. Encouraged white Southerners to defy Supreme Court

9. The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968 Section 1 : The Movement Begins Montgomery Bus Boycott • Boycott by African Americans of the bus system throughout Montgomery Alabama. Response to Rosa Parks being arrested. • Start of new era in civil rights movement – organized protests, defying laws that required segregation and demanded to be treated the same as whites. • Led by 26 year old Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. • Ph.D. in theology. • Followed teachings of Indian leader Gandhi – • NONVIOLENCE • Read pg. 626 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJ1OO5iBWCQ

10. The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968 Section 1 : The Movement Begins African American Churches • Played critical role in the civil rights movement. • SCLC – Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Led by African American ministers ( MLK) : • goal to eliminate segregation from American society • Encourage African Americans to vote. • Challenged segregation at voting booths, public transportation, housing and accommodations.

11. The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968 Section 1 : The Movement Begins Little Rock Arkansas • Court order requiring 9 African-American students to be admitted to all white Central H. S. • Gov. Orval Faubus, - • Was seeking re election. Although a moderate on racial issues, he wanted to win the support of White voters. • Ordered troops form AK National Guard to prevent African American students from entering school to register. • Ordered to remove the troops, he left the school to the mobs of angry protesters who vandalized the school and scared students. • Eisenhower sends federal troops in to protect students. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xERXusiEszs

12. The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968 Section 1 : The Movement Begins Civil Rights Act of 1957 • Protect voting rights of African-Americans • SCLC began campaign to register 2 million new African American voters primarily in the South