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New perspectives for remote sensing of trace gas transport by the Asian Monsoon

New perspectives for remote sensing of trace gas transport by the Asian Monsoon. Martin Riese on behalf of the PREMIER Mission Avisory Group and PREMIER study team. International Workshop on Asian Summer Monsoon and Its Role in Global Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (ASM-STE)

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New perspectives for remote sensing of trace gas transport by the Asian Monsoon

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  1. New perspectives for remote sensing of trace gas transport by the Asian Monsoon Martin Riese on behalf of the PREMIER Mission Avisory Group and PREMIER study team International Workshop on Asian Summer Monsoon and Its Role in Global Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (ASM-STE) Lhasa, China, July 21-23, 2010

  2. premier –process exploration through measurements of infrared and millimetre-wave emitted radiation TO OBSERVE ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE INTERACTIONS

  3. Opportunity Missions Core Missions GOCE Launched 17/3/09 CryoSat 2 2010 ADM-Aeolus 2011 SMOS 2009 EarthCARE 2013 Swarm 2010 ? EE 8 2017 ? EE 7 2016 ESA’s Living Planet Programme Earth Explorer Earth Watch Research driven Operational Service driven Meteorology w. Eumetsat GMES Sentinel 1 Meteosat MSG EPS (MetOp) MTG Post EPS Sentinel 2 Sentinel 3 Sentinel 4 Sentinel 5 User Consultation meeting in early 2012 is final selection point for EE 7: PREMIER, Biomass, CoreH2O www.esa.int/livingplanet

  4. Content 1. Scientific background and instrument concept 2. Phase-0 studies with respect to transport in the region of the Asian Monsoon 3. Narrow down uncertainties in the representation of UTLS transport and mixing (Part of Science Impact Study during phase-A)

  5. Water vapour Ozone Methane 24 km Pressure (hPa) ~6 km Tropopause P. Forster, RFA 2008 Surface temperature sensitivity / unit mass change [relative scale] Scientific background Changes in the UTLS have a large impact on surface temperature !

  6. Scientific background Improved prediction capabilities of CCM require quantitative understanding of processes that control the composition of the UTLS !

  7. PREMIER = PRocess Explorationthrough Measurements of Infrared and millimetre-wave Emitted Radiation Mission objectives: The aim of PREMIER is to quantify the dynamical, radiative, and chemical processes controlling global atmospheric composition in the mid-upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (5 – 25 km height), to which surface climate is particularly sensitive. Mission themes: Theme 1: UTLS structure and its impact on surface climate and dynamical coupling Theme 2: Impact of convection, pyroconvection and their outflow on the UTLS Theme 3: Trace gas exchange between troposphere and stratosphere (focus on Asian Monsoon !) Theme 4: Processes linking the UTLS to the lower troposphere

  8. Observational requirements PREMIER Typhoon MIPAS • Altitude range: 5 - 55 km • Minimum 4 year mission duration • Metop Orbit (sun-synch. , 9.30h, 98° incl.) • Multiple trace gases (and clouds) at high 3D-resolution Dynamics: 0.5 km x 25 km x 50 km Chemistry: 1.5 km x 80 km x 100 km

  9. Instrument concept 4000 simultaneous limb views (interferogramms) In ~3.5 seconds !!! • First Infra-Red FTS Limb-Imager (IRLS) with integrated Cloud Imager (IRCI) • (Riese et al., ASR, 2005; Friedl-Vallon et al., ASR, 2006) • MM-Wave Limb-Sounder (MWLS) optimized for upper troposphere

  10. Observation concept • Limb-views coincident with Metop nadir views

  11. Source: FZJ-ZAT Airborne demonstration and tomographie GLORIA-AB on Geophysica and HALO (JÜLICH and KIT) First Geophysica mission in summer 2011 !

  12. Content 1. Scientific background and instrument concept 2. Phase-0 studies with respect to transport in the region of the Asian Monsoon 3. Narrow down uncertainties in the representation of UTLS transport and mixing (Part of Science Impact Study during phase-A)

  13. Height of 1.9 ppmv contour Convective uplift in the area of the Asian monsoon GEMS CH4 – Aug to Oct’03 Enhanced methane emissions over wetlands in India and Bangladesh 18km 0 km • Transport affects 3D structure of methane in the UTLS and global radiative forcing !

  14. GEMS IRLS IRLS+IASI IASI Retrieval Simulations for PREMIER IRLS and IASI • PREMIER captures the structure of the plume in the UTLS. • IASI provides the extension to the sources. • Example of feasibility of secondary mission aim

  15. Transport in the vicinity of the TTL CLaMS Simulation of H2O at 18 km altitude (420 K) – Juli to Dez’03 • Mixture of • of young air in center of Asian monsoon lifted by convective transport • and of older air mixed-in from extra-tropics by quasi-horizontal transport

  16. Retrieval Simulation for IRLS (Dynamics Mode) Latitude O3 CLaMS H2O CLaMS Longitude Longitude Latitude IRLS IRLS ~18km ~19km • PREMIER is capably to resolve small-scale trace gas structures • Gap between previous satellite and airborne observations are filled

  17. Content 1. Scientific background and instrument concept 2. Phase-0 studies with respect to transport in the region of the Asian Monsoon 3. Narrow down uncertainties in the representation of UTLS transport and mixing (Part of Science Impact Study during phase-A)

  18. E39 - Lagrange E39 - Eulerian Motivation • Comparison of CCM (DLR) water vapour fields with HALO • Failing water vapour distribution of the Eulerian scheme (E39) is largely responsible for the cold bias in the polar troposphere and cold pole problem in the polar lower stratosphere • Impact on surface climate will be investigated as part of the PREMIER Science Impact Study

  19. Kinematic Case Diabatic case Plöger et al., in prep. Sensitivity of trace gas concentrations to vertical velocity representation • 60-day backward trajectories starting in the tropics at 400K based on ECMWF • ERA-Interim reanalysis (Simmons et al., 2006; Uppala et al., 2008) • Higher dispersion in kinematic case and frequent subsidence in higher TTL • and LS in kinematic case leads to lower water vapour and higher ozone. • Observational evidence that diabatic scheme is superior (Plöger et al., in prep.)

  20. Dependence of UTLS H2O on vertical velocity scheme in multi-annual CLaMS simulations • Water vapour difference (%) between kinematic and adiabatic case

  21. Next steps • Quantify impact of transport/mixing schemes on surface climate in CCMs • (RF calculations by Piers Forster; Analysis of CCM results). • Characterize impact of transport/mixing schemes on tracer structures • such as tropopause folds and filaments based on global CLaMS runs • with 25km horizontal resolution. The Asian monsoon appears to be a • good test environment (see presentation of Yong Wang) • Show potential of PREMIER to narrow down uncertainties transport • and mixing schemes.

  22. Summary and outlook PREMIER of three candidate missions selected for Phase A study by ESA in early 2009. Final selection will take place in early 2012 PREMIER will bring into sharp focus processes linking atmospheric composition and climate ! For the first time, global 3-D distributions in the UTLS will be observed from space with resolution needed to investigate the underlying key processes. PREMIER will also contribute to global height-resolved monitoring and operational applications in mission time-frame Development schedule compatible with launch during 2016 as Earth Explorer 7 according to an ESA assessment.

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