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APLIKASI EPIDEMIOLOGI DALAM KEBIDANAN

APLIKASI EPIDEMIOLOGI DALAM KEBIDANAN. Oleh Nugroho Susanto, M.Kes. 2012. Lingkup Pembahasan. Faktor Risiko Masalah KIA (Kehamilan dan Persalinan) Ukuran-Ukuran KIA (odd rasio, risiko relatif masalah-masalah kehamilan dan persalinan) Surveilans KIA (komponen dan alur data).

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APLIKASI EPIDEMIOLOGI DALAM KEBIDANAN

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  1. APLIKASI EPIDEMIOLOGI DALAM KEBIDANAN Oleh Nugroho Susanto, M.Kes. 2012 Epidemiologi-Susanto, 2012

  2. Lingkup Pembahasan • Faktor Risiko Masalah KIA (Kehamilan dan Persalinan) • Ukuran-Ukuran KIA (odd rasio, risiko relatif masalah-masalah kehamilan dan persalinan) • Surveilans KIA (komponen dan alur data) Epidemiologi-Susanto, 2012

  3. KonsepPerjalanankehamilandanpersalinan Epidemiologi-Susanto, 2012

  4. A. Faktor Risiko Kehamilan dan Persalinan Tujuan • Mendeskripsikan keadaan, keadaan yang terjadi sebelum kehamilan, selama kehamilan dan setelah persalinan. • Mengklasifikasi berdasarkan determinan risiko • Upaya pencegahan. Epidemiologi-Susanto, 2012

  5. 1. Keadaan-Keadaan Sebelum Kehamilan • Kondisi Anemia Remaja anemia pada waktu remaja dapat digunakan sebagai indikator atau prediksi kehamilan dan persalinan. • Gizi Remaja. - Status Gizi dapat dilihat dari IMT (indek masa tubuh). Epidemiologi-Susanto, 2012

  6. 2. Keadaan Selama Kehamilan • Kunjungan ANC - Cakupan K1 - Cakupan K4 • Gizi Ibu (pola konsumsi makan, makanan pantangan) • Kepatuhan Fe (Cakupan fe) • Kondisi Ibu (usia kehamilan, Jarak kehamilan sebelumnya, pekerjaan, pendidikan) Epidemiologi-Susanto, 2012

  7. 3. Keadaan-keadaan Persalinan • Perdarahan • Eklamsi • Pre eklamsi • Penyakit Infeksi (Malaria, HIV, TB paru) • Penyakit tidak menular (hipertensi, kardiovaskuler, DM) Epidemiologi-Susanto, 2012

  8. 4. Keadaan Setelah Persalinan • Infeksi masa nifas • Infeksi neonatus • Pertumbuhan bayi • Perkembagan Epidemiologi-Susanto, 2012

  9. Deteksi Pertumbuhan Epidemiologi-Susanto, 2012

  10. Model Analisis Petumbuhan Epidemiologi-Susanto, 2012

  11. Gangguan Pertumbuhan Epidemiologi-Susanto, 2012

  12. B. Ukuran-ukuranEpidemiologi • Kejadian Penyakit • Insiden • Prevalensi • Epidemiologi Deskriptif (Frekuensi Penyakit) • Rate • Ratio • Proporsi • Epidemiologi Analitik • Odd Rasio • Risiko Relatif

  13. Kejadian Penyakit (Insiden) • Insiden • Insiden merupakan kejadian kasus baru selama masa pengamatan.

  14. Latihan

  15. Question • What is the ratio of males to females? • What proportion of infants lived? • What proportion of infants were delivered in a delivery room? • What is the ratio of operating room deliveries to delivery room deliveries?

  16. Answer • a. 5 males, 6 females. male:female = 5:6. Ratio of males to females is 5 to 6; 0.83 to 1 • b. 9 lived, 2 died. proportion lived = lived / all case = 9 / 11 =0 .82. Proportion of infants that lived is 82%or 8.2 out of 10 • c. 5 delivery room, 5 operating room, and 1 emergency room delivery. proportion delivery room deliveries = delivery room/ all cases =5/11 = 0.45. Proportion of infants delivered in delivery room is 45% or 4.5 out of 10 • d. 5 delivery room and 5 operating room deliveries. delivery room:operating room = 5:5 = 1:1 Ratio of operating room deliveries to delivery room deliveries is 1 to 1.

  17. Prevalensi

  18. Insiden and prevalence

  19. Question • Assume that we begin a study of 100 persons free of disease on January 1, and that on the last day of each month throughout the year, we will be given a count of new cases of disease in this population. Assume that over the course of a full year, 10 of these persons develop disease, and that 2 of these cases were reported on March 31, 3 more cases on June 30, 3 cases on September 30, and 2 cases on December 31. How many person-months did the study members contribute (assume patients became cases on the last day of the month).

  20. Answer • (90 patients x 12 months) + (2 patient x 3 months) + (3 patients x 6 months) + (3 patients x 9 months) + (2 patients x 12 months) = 1155 person-months

  21. Insiden Prevalensi Mati/sembuh Hubungan insiden dan prevalensi

  22. Epidemiologi Analitik • Odd Rasio • Risiko Relative

  23. Odds Ratio • Digunakan dalam penelitian case control • Menilai perbandingan atara kasus dan kontrol • Tidak mampu menilai laju risiko penyakit • Rumus

  24. Relatif risk • Menilai laju kecepatan penyakit • Tepat digunakan pada desain penelitian kohort • Risiko relatif yang dinilai • Rumus

  25. TERIMA KASIH Epidemiologi-Susanto, 2012

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