1 / 27

Filariasis

Filariasis. Libson Tang. Epidemiology- International. 120 million in 80 countries 1 billion at risk 90% - Wucheraria Bancrofti Remainder – Brugia Malayi. Epidemiology - Sabah. 2000 – 103 cases, predomimantly Brugia Malayi. Vectors – Wucheraria Bancrofti.

salene
Download Presentation

Filariasis

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Filariasis Libson Tang

  2. Epidemiology- International • 120 million in 80 countries • 1 billion at risk • 90% - Wucheraria Bancrofti • Remainder – Brugia Malayi

  3. Epidemiology - Sabah • 2000 – 103 cases, predomimantly Brugia Malayi

  4. Vectors – Wucheraria Bancrofti • Major – Culicine Mosquitoes ( urban and semi-urban areas ) • Anophelines – Rural areas ( mainly Africa ) • Aedes – Endemic Pacific Islands

  5. Vectors – Brugia Malayi • Mansonia • Anopheline • Mainly confined to east and south Asia, especially India, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and China.

  6. Pathogenesis and Pathology • Complex interplay of the pathogenic potential of the parasite, the immune response of the host, and external ('complicating') bacterial and fungal infections. • Most recognizable – Genital damage ( Hydroceles ) and Lymphoedema/elephantiasis

  7. Histologically - dilatation and proliferation of lymphatic endothelium & abnormal lymphatic function • 'non-inflammatory pathway' • ‘inflammatory pathway‘ - adenitis and retrograde lymphangitis • bacterial and fungal superinfections

  8. Clinical Features • Chronic manifestations: Hydrocoele (most common ), elephantiasis, Chyluria • Acute manifestations: Acute inflammatory episodes 'DLA'(dermatolymphangioadenitis) , 'filarial fever' , tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, acute inflammatory reaction • Asymptomatic Presentations • Other Syndromes: arthritis (typically monoarticular), endomyocardial fibrosis, tenosynovitis, thrombophlebitis, glomerulonephritis, lateral popliteal nerve palsy, and others.

  9. Diagnosis • Until recently, diagnosis depended on the direct demonstration of the parasite • Antigen detection: Circulating filarial antigen (CFA) - 'gold standard' for diagnosing Wuchereria bancrofti infections. • Clinical Diagnosis

  10. Management • Treating the infection: DEC (6 mg/kg per day) for 12 days in bancroftian filariasis and for 6 days in brugian filariasis, repeated at 1-6 monthly intervals if necessary • Ivermectin • Albendazole • Side effects : headaches, fever, myalgia, lymphadenopathy and occasionally rash, itching

  11. Treating the consequences: treatment of infection in communities with either intermittent (monthly, 6-monthly, yearly) drug administration or the steady use of DEC-fortified table/cooking salt • Intensive local hygiene efforts and antibiotic ointments

  12. Prevention • By decreasing contact between humans and vectors or by decreasing the amount of infection the vector can acquire • Population: through reducing the numbers of mosquito vectors • 2-drug treatment regimens (selecting among albendazole and either ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine [DEC])

  13. Individuals: personal repellents, bednets or insecticide-impregnated materials. • Prophylactic regimen of DEC (6 mg/kg per day x 2 days each month)

  14. Thank You

More Related