Is It Time To...?

1. Is It Time To...? Kansas State University Ward Upham

2. Preventing Common Horticulture Plant Problems Kansas State University Ward Upham

3. Is It Time To: Control Henbit and Other Winter Annuals Henbit

4. Is It Time To: Spray for Henbit and Other Winter Annuals Chickweed

5. Use 2,4-D ,Trimec, Weed-B-Gon, Weed Free Zone Best to spray in fall Winter Annual Control Henbit Chickweed

6. Best to spray in fall If spray early in spring, use combination product such as Trimec, Weed-B-Gon, Speed Zone, or Weed Free Zone Spraying as late as mid-April or later is usually a waste of time and money Winter Annual Control

7. Is It Time To: Fertilize Cool-Season Grasses

8. Tall Fescue & Kentucky Bluegrass Cool-Season Grasses Tall Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass

9. September Most important fertilization of year Use 1 pound nitrogen (N) per 1000 square feet Quick-release OK November Second most important fertilization Use 1 pound N per 1000 square feet Quick-release OK May Optional; use if irrigate, apply 1 pound of N per 1000 square feet Use fertilizer with at least 1/4 N as slow-release When to Fertilize Cool-Season Grasses

10. Is It Time To: Fertilize Warm-Season Grasses

11. Bermudagrass, Zoysiagrass and Buffalograss Warm-Season Grasses Bermudagrass Zoysiagrass Buffalograss

12. 1 pound nitrogen per 1000 square feet per year May be all that buffalo and zoysia need; too much on zoysia and thatch builds up Some people never fertilize buffalo or zoysia Apply once in June 2 pounds nitrogen per 1000 square per year Apply May and July with 1 pound each app Maximum amount for buffalo and zoysia but minimum amount for bermuda 3 pounds nitrogen per 1000 square feet per year Apply May, June and early August When to Fertilize Warm-Season Grasses

13. Is It Time To: Seed Cool-Season Lawns

14. Warmer soils and turf comes up faster Less competition from weeds More time to become established before the heat stress of summer Better to Seed in the Fall Rather than Spring

15. Consider Dormant Seeding if have areas to thicken up Seed from December through mid-March Must have good seed-soil contact Rake in with hand rake Use slit-seeder Verticut and then seed Core aerate and seed Seed as early in spring as possible Leave ground bare if you can do so without erosion Can use Tupersan to control crabgrass May have to redo in fall If You Weren’t Able to Seed in the Fall

16. Look for darker “hot spots”. Often have purplish tinge. Best to allow turf to undergo some stress early in season. Attempt to apply 3/4 to 1 inch of water each time you irrigate. Is It Time To: Water the Lawn

17. Blades should be sharpened about every 10 hours Sharp blades cut cleaner, quicker and require less energy Is It Time To: Sharpen Mower Blades

18. Is It Time To: Treat for Peach Leaf Curl • Leaves swollen, distorted and have reddish hue.

19. Peach Leaf Curl • Single fungicide application will control. • Must apply in fall after leaf drop or early spring before bud swell. • Use chlorothalonil (Daconil), liquid lime sulfur or Bordeaux mixture.

20. Is It Time To: Treat for Cedar-Apple Rust

21. Junipers Apples or crabapples Cedar-Apple Rust Host Plants

22. Must have both plants present for disease to occur. However, juniper removal is usually not practical as all junipers within ½ to 2 miles of apples would have to be eliminated. Juniper - though disease unsightly on juniper, will generally not cause serious damage. Apple - can cause premature defoliation and thereby weaken tree. Cedar-Apple Rust Background

23. In late spring or early summer, yellow-orange spots appear on the leaves. Cedar-Apple Rust Symptoms on Apple

24. Eventually, tube-like projections form on bottom surface of the leaf. Cedar-Apple Rust Symptoms on Apple

25. In late spring or early summer, yellow-orange spots appear on the leaves. Eventually, tube-like projections form on bottom surface of the leaf. Leaves with numerous spots drop during the summer. This stresses the tree and reduces fruit set and yield the following year. Cedar-Apple Rust Symptoms on Apple

26. In late spring or early summer, yellow-orange spots appear on the leaves. Eventually, tube-like projections form on bottom surface of the leaf. Leaves with numerous spots drop during the summer. This stresses the tree and reduces fruit set and yield the following year. New leaves are formed if defoliation is severe enough. Cedar-Apple Rust Symptoms on Apple

27. Produces reddish-brown galls on twigs of junipers that are ½ to 2 inches in diameter. Cedar-Apple Rust Symptoms on Juniper

28. In April, galls swell and produce orange, one- inch long tendrils in a gelatinous mass during wet weather. Cedar-Apple Rust Symptoms on Juniper

29. It takes two years for galls to develop. Galls only produce spores the second year. Cedar-Apple Rust Symptoms on Juniper

30. Best control on crabapples is to plant resistant varieties. Varieties resistant to both scab and rust include: Donald Wyman Bob White Golden Raindrops Prairiefire Red Jewel Cedar-Apple Rust Recommendations for Crabapple

31. First spray should be applied when orange tendrils on junipers appear. (Early April) Repeat applications as long as juniper galls remain active. (late May) Triadimefon (Bayleton, Green Light Fung-Away) or myclobutanil (Immunox) Immunox labeled for both apples and crabapples and for both rust and scab Cedar-Apple Rust Spray Recommendations for Apples & Crabs

32. Rarely sprayed because disease normally does not cause serious damage to junipers. If spray, apply three to four fungicide applications sprayed at 10-day intervals, beginning in early July. Can use Bordeaux mixture, ferbam, and Bayleton. Because galls take two years to develop, will not notice benefit until the second year. Cedar-Apple Rust Spray Recommendations for Junipers

33. Is It Time To: Treat for Sphaeropsis Tip Blight

34. Austrian, Ponderosa, Scotch, and Mugo Most severe on mature (30 years or older) Austrian pines. Sphaeropsis Tip Blight

35. In late May or early June, new developing shoots fail to elongate properly and turn yellow or tan. Small droplets of resin often form on the stunted needles. Needles tend to remain attached to the tree. Repeated infections can cause death of entire branches. Sphaeropsis Tip Blight Symptoms

36. Two to three applications of fungicide needed. Apply first about the third week in April just as new buds are elongating. Following sprays spaced at 10 - 14 day intervals. Removal of dead shoots may help but will not give complete control since disease carried on cones. Use coppers (Bordeaux, Tenn-Cop) or thiophanate (Fungo, Cleary’s 3336). Sphaeropsis Tip Blight Control Recommendations

37. Is It Time To: Treat for Sycamore Anthracnose

38. Sycamore Anthracnose • Young leaves may wither and turn black. • Older leaves may have brown areas that follow the major veins of the leaf.

39. Usually chemical controls unnecessary as tree will releaf. If want to control disease, use thiophanate-methyl (Cleary’s, Fungo), mancozeb, fixed coppers, or Bordeaux mixture. Sometimes, professional arborists use a September injection of a fungicide such as Arbotect to protect sycamore trees that have a history of anthracnose. Inject 2 consecutive years. Anthracnose on Sycamore Recommendations

40. Is It Time To: Treat for Bagworms

41. Junipers and arbovitae are favorites Can also attack other ornamental shrubs, shade, and forest trees. Bagworms

42. Bags look like Christmas ornaments. Bagworms Life Cycle

43. Bags look like Christmas ornaments. Young bagworms hatch in May in Kansas. Bagworms Life Cycle May 22 Larva

44. Bags look like Christmas ornaments. Young bagworms hatch in May in Kansas. Bagworms spin silken bags around themselves. Bagworms Life Cycle July 7

45. Female is wingless and never leaves the bag. Male is a small, gray, clear-winged moth that resembles a wasp. Bagworms Life Cycle Female Bagworm Male Bagworm

46. Feed on foliage of host plant. Often damage is not noticed until bagworm so large that it is hard to control. Bagworms Damage

47. Small infestations can be picked off by hand. Wait at least a week after seeing first larvae appear before spraying to allow complete emergence of insects. Can use acephate (Systemic Insect Control), malathion, or permethrin (numerous trade names) for control. Bagworms Control Recommendations

48. Most severe on Scotch pine Also reported on Austrian and white pines Is It Time to: Do Something About Pine Wilt

49. Trees wilt and die rapidly Needles turn brown and remain attached to tree Trees have reduced resin production. Twigs are brittle and dry and site of branch removal does not produce resin Symptoms usually appear from August through December Pine Wilt Symptoms

50. First, confirm disease if it is rare in your area by sending branch sample at least 2 inches in diameter to K-State Diagnostic Lab ($10 fee) Cannot save infected trees Help prevent spread to nearby trees by removing infected trees to ground level. Pine Wilt Control Recommendations