CSC 140: Introduction to IT

1. CSC 140: Introduction to IT Operating Systems CIT 140: Introduction to IT

2. Questions • What is an operating system? • What services does it provide? • What’s the difference between CLI and GUI? • What types of OSes are out there? • How can I use UNIX? CIT 140: Introduction to IT

3. What is an Operating System? • Program to help you use the hardware: • CPU • Memory • Disk • Other I/O: graphics, sound, printers, etc. • Properties provided by an Operating System • Ease of use. • Efficiency. • Fairness. • Reliability. • Security. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

4. Layered View of a Computer System CIT 140: Introduction to IT

5. Two Views of an OS • Top-down • E.g., The OS performs the task of dealing with complicated hardware resources and gives you a comprehensive and simple machine, ready to use. • In this way, the OS provides a virtual machine. • Bottom up • E.g., the OS decides how much space how much RAM space is to be allocated to a program before it is loaded and executed. • In this way, the OS is viewed as a resource manager. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

6. Operating System Services • Execution of a program • Input and output operations performed by programs • Communication between processes • Error detection and reporting • Manipulation of all types of files • Management of users and security CIT 140: Introduction to IT

7. CLI vs GUI • CLI • Input device is a keyboard. • Communicate by typing in a computer language. • Graphical User Interface • Input is taken from a point-and-click device. • Communicate by filling out forms. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

8. Types of Operating Systems • Single-user, single-process system • MS-DOS, MacOS 9, MS Windows 3.1. • Single-user, multiprocess system. • MS Windows 95, 98, ME. • Multiuser, multiprocess system • MS Windows NT, XP. • UNIX. • VMS. • Mac OS X. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

9. Structure of a UNIX command #command [[ - ] option(s)] [option argument(s)] [command argument(s)] Examples: • $ ls • $ ls -la • $ ls -la m* • $ lpr -Pspr -n 3 proposal.ps CIT 140: Introduction to IT

10. Logging On and Logging Off • General Categories • Local Area Network (LAN) Connection. • Internet Connection. • Stand-Alone Connection. • For the first lab, we will be logging onto zappa.nku.edu CIT 140: Introduction to IT

11. 1. Connecting via a UNIX Terminal login: your_username <Enter> password: your_password <Enter> Last login: Sun Aug 28 19:35:32 2005 from foo.com. You have new mail. Terminal type? [vt100] <Enter> Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.9 Generic May 2002 NOTICE: April 19, 2005 – The upgrade to Java JDK 1.5.2 has been completed. # CIT 140: Introduction to IT

12. 2. Connecting via PuTTY on a Microsoft Windows Machine CIT 140: Introduction to IT

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14. 3. Connecting via a Telnet Client on a Microsoft Windows Machine. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

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16. File Maintenance Commands • What is File Maintenance? • File and Directory Structure • Home Directory • Current Working Directory CIT 140: Introduction to IT

17. CIT 140: Introduction to IT

18. File Maintenance Commands Viewing the Contents of Files • cat, more, less # cat > myfile This is an example of how to use the cat command to add plain text to a file <Ctrl-D> # more myfile This is an example of how to use the cat command to add plain text to a file CIT 140: Introduction to IT

19. File Maintenance Commands Creating, Deleting and Managing Files • cp, mv, rm, ls # cp myfile myfile2 # mv myfile2 renamed_file # mv “latest revisions october.txt” laterevs.txt # rm renamed_file # ls Desktop Mail myfile myfile2 # ls –al CIT 140: Introduction to IT

20. File Maintenance Commands Creating, Deleting and Managing Directories • mkdir, cd, pwd, rmdir # mkdir first # cd first # pwd /home7/smithj/first # cd # pwd /home7/smithj # cp myfile myfile2 # ls my* myfile myfile2 # rmdir first rmdir: first: Directory not empty CIT 140: Introduction to IT

21. Obtaining Help with man CIT 140: Introduction to IT

22. Obtaining Help with man man [options][-s section] command-list # man ls User Commands ls(1) NAME ls - list contents of directory SYNOPSIS /usr/bin/ls [-aAbcCdfFghilLmnopqrRstux1@] [file...] /usr/xpg4/bin/ls [-aAbcCdfFghilLmnopqrRstux1@] [file...] DESCRIPTION For each file that is a directory, ls lists the contents of the directory. For each file that is an ordinary file, ls repeats its name and any other information requested. The output is sorted alphabetically by default. When no argument is given, the current directory is listed. … CIT 140: Introduction to IT

23. Other Forms of Help • whatis # whatis login setenv login login (1) - sign on to the system setenv set (1) - shell built-in functions to determine the characteristics for environmental variables of the current shell and its descendents • apropos # apropos web neon neon (3) - HTTP and WebDAV client lib installer installer (1m) - Solaris Web Start installer smcwebserver smcwebserver (1m) - start the Sun console wbem wbem (5) - Web-Based Enterprise Mgmt CIT 140: Introduction to IT

24. Utility Commands • Examining System Setups • whereis, whoami, uname # whoami smithj # whereis mkdir mkdir: /usr/bin/mkdir # uname -a SunOS zappa 5.9 Generic_112233-07 sun4u sparc SUNW,Ultra-250 • Communication Commands • write username CIT 140: Introduction to IT

25. Command Aliases • The alias command creates new names for commands. • Syntax for the alias command is: alias name=string CIT 140: Introduction to IT

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28. Logging Off • Exit # exit Logout Connection to zappa.nku.edu closed. • Ctrl-d will do the same thing. CIT 140: Introduction to IT