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02 |Introduction to OpenGL

02 |Introduction to OpenGL. Eriq Muhammad Adams J | eriq.adams@ub.ac.id. What is OpenGL ?. Low-level Graphics API (Application Programming Interface) / antarmuka perangkat lunak ke kartu grafis.

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02 |Introduction to OpenGL

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  1. 02 |Introduction to OpenGL Eriq Muhammad Adams J | eriq.adams@ub.ac.id

  2. What is OpenGL ? • Low-level Graphics API (Application Programming Interface) / antarmuka perangkat lunak ke kartu grafis. • Independen terhadap platform (hanya menyediakan fungsi grafis, tidak menyediakan fungsi yang dependen terhadap platform : input handling, windowing, dsb). • Banyak digunakan di aplikasi grafis : CAD programs, games, data visualization, dsb.

  3. OpenGL History • Dikembangkan pertama kali oleh SGI (Silicon Graphics, Inc). • 1992 diambil alih oleh OpenGL ARB (Architecture Review Board) : 3DLabs, ATI, Dell, Evans & Sutherland, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Intel, Matrox, NVIDIA, SGI, Sun Microsystems sebagai pembuat dan pengelola spesifikasi OpenGL. • 2006 dikontrol oleh The Khronos group.

  4. OpenGL Architecture • Sebuah state machine, contoh untuk menggambar objek dengan warna merah programmer harus merubah color state ke merah lalu menggambar objek tersebut. • Tetapi sejak OpenGL 3.0 (programmable pipeline/shader based) menjadi less state- oriented API : state functions untuk color, normals, lighting deprecated (kadaluarsa).

  5. Fixed-Function vs Programmability • Fixed-function pipeline dirancang utk berjalan di CPU (single-path rendering). • Programmable pipeline (shader based) dirancang utk berjalan di GPU sehingga lebih flexible dan mudah dikontrol oleh programmer. • Ada 3 jenis shaders : Vertex shaders (memodifikasi vertex), Fragment shaders (memodifikasi pixel), Geometry shaders (menggenerate vertices, dan bukan fitur inti).

  6. OpenGL Rendering Pipeline

  7. Related Libraries • GLUT (OpenGL Utility Toolkit) menyediakan fungsi untuk windowing, menus, input-handling. • SDL (Simple Direct Media Layer) : librari multimedia cross-platform . • GLFW : windowing, creating an OpenGL context and managing input .

  8. OpenGL Syntax • Diawali dengan awalan gl : glVertex3f() • Nomor menunjukkan jumlah parameter : glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f) punya 3 parameter • Huruf setelah nomor menunjukkan tipe data parameter : glVertex3f() bertipe data float.

  9. Simple CG Program Architecture Inisialisasi • Berisi kode inisialisasi : penciptaan window, loading resource, dsb . • berisi finite loop untuk update logika, dan rendering. Update logika Rendering Keluar ? De-Inisialisasi

  10. Setup OpenGL (using GLFW) • Silakan lihat petunjuk dan unduh contoh demo program di https://github.com/e4dams/grafika-komputer

  11. Hello OpenGL ! https://github.com/e4dams/grafika-komputer/tree/master/your_projects/Pertemuan_02

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