Robin Buruchara

1. Partnerships in Sub-Saharan Africa - a long term vision to meet food security Annual Program Review 2011 Nairobi, Kenya9May 2011 Robin Buruchara

2. Outline • Introduction • Designs of our partnerships • Partnerships in implementing joint goals and programs • Achievements (examples) and reflections • Conclusion

3. Why Partnership • An innovation approach - with increasingly diverse and complex actors • A strategic approach to: • Augment competencies, relevance and strength • Pool complementary assets • Mobilize and augment resources • Increase of …economies of scale, activities and scope • Improve technology transfer • Promote better integrated value chains • Foster mechanisms / forum to express consumer and farmer demands • Certain partnerships are based on demand • Enhance strategic flexibility • Research and development efficiency gains • Systematic approach to knowledge management and sharing • Capacity development …a support function to the different types of research partnerships

4. Key Attributes of Good Partnership • A shared vision and agreement of purpose • Clear and understood roles and responsibilities • Engagement and commitment • Trust and reciprocity • Accountability and decision making • Leadership and effective communication strategies • Partnership platform including institutional and legal structures to facilitate interaction and implementation (e.g. SC)

5. CIAT’s Partnership Arrangements in Africa • Partnerships arranged around • Collaborative projects, • Programs or • Alliances • Key partnerships • Pan Africa Bean Research Alliance (PABRA) • Lake Kivu Pilot Learning Site (LKPLS) of the Sub Saharan Challenge Program (SSACP) • African. Network for Soil Biology and Fertility (AfNet) • Consortium for Improving Agricultural –based Livelihoods in Central Africa (CIALCA) • Africa Soil Information Service (AfSIS)

6. PABRA Partnerships

7. Donors CIDA, SDC, USAID, BMGF, McKnight, ASARECA, National Governments, SADC-FANR , AGRA, Kirkhouse Trust WECABREN 10 9 11

8. PABRA: Platform for building partnerships between and within networks and countries • About 350 diverse R & D direct (primary) and indirect (secondary) partners • (ECABREN, SABRN & CIAT) • NARS • Government Agencies • NGOs • CBOs • Rural communities • Farmers (seed producers and on-farm researchers) • Traders • Commercial private sector

9. 5 - yrCommon Framework: PABRA Logic Model 2009 - 2013 Ultimate Outcome Intermediate Outcomes Immediate Outcome Increased access by especially women farmers to improved dry bean varieties resistant to multiple environmental stresses Increased and in gender equitable manner utilization of improved and marketable bean varieties, new crop Improved nutrition and health, gender equality, food security, incomes and natural resource base for sustainable livelihoods of resource poor women and men farmers Increased access to cost effective and environmentally friendly integrated stress management options (e.g. for soil fertility and water, pest and diseases) by particularly women farmers Increased access to micronutrient rich bean based products in the diets of vulnerable communities Increased trade in a gender equitable manner Increased access to high value bean products targeted to niche markets with a focus on women Increased capacity of men and women to participate in technology development, delivery and decision making bodies equitably Increased response to demands in the bean sector , and utilizing information and knowledge to influence bean policy in a gender equitable manner Increased access to new and existing markets and opportunities for both men and women Increased access particularly for information and knowledge that shapes bean technology development, delivery and influence policy

10. Core Functions and Complementarities in PABRA’s CIAT Biophysical Social NARES: Management Scientists Development Partners and Policy makers Users • Joint priority setting • Joint identify solution • Strategic research • Germplasm conservation • Catalyze impact pathway • Catalyze capacity building • Catalyze M&E • Technology adaptation and policy support • Catalyze impact pathway • Catalyze links and partnerships to reach users

11. Some Examples

12. I. Varietal Improvement Multiple trait varieties • ABIOTIC • BIOTIC Tolerance to water logging Tolerance to Drought Tolerance to poor soil fertility Tolerance to Heat/cold • Nutrition Breeding • Niche Market products: International and Regional Markets High iron and Zinc Diseases Runner beans Snap beans Canning beans Low Polyphenol Cooking stability Pests

13. Implementation: “shared breeding responsibilities” CIAT-HQ, CIAT-Africa, and NARS Uganda, Malawi Tanzania Zimbabwe PABRA countries without active Breeding Programs: ECABREN: Burundi and Sudan, SABRN: Angola, SDRC, Lesotho, Mauritius, Mozambique and Swaziland; WECABREN: Cameroon, Mali, Central Afr Rep, Ghana, Senegal, Togo, Burkina Faso, Guinea, S/Leone, Congo Dark Red Kidney Large Red Mottled Rwanda Ethiopia S. Tanzania Climbing Beans Small Red Kenya S. Africa Uganda Kenya Regional Networks/CIAT Strategic Research Backstopping, Technical Support and Capacity Building Snap Beans (French) Pinto CIAT LAC Madagascar Large White Sugar, Tan & Yellow Universities/ARI DR Congo S. Africa Malawi Zambia Carioca (small striped) Small White Ethiopia S. Africa Ethiopia

14. Climbing beans • Key in land constrained regions • Potential to triple yields • Breeding in: • Cali and Rwanda and E-DRC • Through partnerships released in: • Uganda • Kenya • Burundi • N Tanzania • Advanced stages of evaluation in: • SABRNcountries • Cameroon

15. Micronutrient Rich Varieties • Partners: CIAT/PABRA –NARS / IFPRI Partnership • Focus on Iron, Zinc and other traits • Breeding done in: • CIAT-Colombia • Rwanda and • DRC Congo • Evaluations of fast track lines in all PABRAcountries • Released varieties in: • Malawi • Zimbabwe • Burundi • Rwanda • Tanzania • Constitution of Regional Nutrition Nursery (39 climbers and 19 bush lines) NUA45 released in Malawi, Zimbabwe and Kenya

16. Partnership in developing and use of MCR parents using Marker Assisted Selection CBB, ALS, Anth CBB, PRR, ALS, Anth PRR, ALS SUA-Tanzania UON-Kenya NACRRI-Uganda Parents BMCV, PRR, ALS, Anth Training: MAS and Phenotyping National Biotechnology laboratory/CIAT-Uganda EIAR-Ethiopia?? Drought + Disease ISAR –Rwanda?

17. Multiple bean variety releases (SABRN): Some countries without breeding programmes

19. Reaching End Users through Partnership Integrated Seed System for Wider and Targeted Seed Access

20. Process • Catalyse partnership development with range of actors and roles ---NARS leadership • Targeted support •  Emphasis on decentralisation: • Seed multiplication and supply (farm level) • Capacity building and co-learning thrust: • Local level and with local resources • Evaluate innovative approachess e.g. small pack approach

21. A case of Ethiopia NARS: EIAR/SARI HLI Higher learning Institutions MoARD Ministry of Agric. and Rural Development ESE Ethiopian Seed Enterprise FCU: (Farmers Cooperative Unions) Partnership in bean technology generation, dissemination and promotion since 2003 till now Grain exporter: POORTMAN PABRA ECABREN Grain exporter: ACOS CIAT SHDI Self Help Development International Private seed producers CARE-E CRS Catholic Relief Service

22. Improved varieties, seed supply and effects on production/yield in Ethiopia Partnerships, seed increase and accessed Bean production trend Yield increase ton/ ha

23. Impact at household and private sector levels

24. Contribution of beans to the export earnings (Ethiopia) Quantity exported (tons) Revenue in US $

25. Farmer access to seed in PABRA (2009-10) • Achievements • Institutional change and Improved rapport among actors (NARIs, NGOs, Private Sector, farmers etc.) • Higher profile of seed systems activities at NARI level • Cost sharing e.g. seed multiplication and supply, training • A faster and wider reach of varietal technologies • Impact on area, production and yields

26. Partnership for Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) Lake Kivu Pilot Learning Site, (SSACP)

27. Integrated Agricultural Research for Development • IAR4D is a multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary phased participatory action research approach which pools knowledge for catalyzing innovations to address Market-Technology-NRM-Policy challenges • Key Principles • Transformation of a linear process (without markets) of research-extension-farmer to an integrated one with markets, policies, private sector playing critical roles in agricultural R&D • Innovation Platform (IP) for diagnosing problems, exploring opportunities and investigating and validating solutions • Network collective, collaborative interaction among IP actors: • Research that addresses key constraints and opportunities agreed by IP actors in the context of entire value chain and research system that is multidisciplinary and participatory • Institutional and human capacity building for IAR4D actors to effectively participate in IP activities

28. “Proof of concept” • Research questions:

29. Task Force, IPs, and Value Chain

30. Poor market access Good market access Action Counterfactual Action Counterfactual Baseline Survey • Facilitation • IP formation • Structure and organization • Dynamics • IP stakeholder involvement • Output markets defined • IP operations – linkages to • Enterprises identification • Output markets defined • Input markets/services • Technology providers • Value addition processes • Business development services Indirect Observations RESEARCH To Improve: Productivity (e.g. better variety, practices, area conversions ), Natural Resource base , Markets (e.g. market access factors), Policy environment Impacts (yields, incomes, products etc) Improving IP processes Research End Project Survey Facilitation and research & proof of concept

31. Innovation Platform Partnerships

32. Learning Site – Lessons • Institutional linkages, alliance and interactions for knowledge sharing and creation • Evolving nature of the SSA-CP LK PLS fostered and enhanced new institutional linkages and non-linear collective and collaborative interactions, key for joint learning, innovation capacity and knowledge sharing and utilization • Significant and growing measure of community ownership • Structure the partnerships and minimizing uncertainty and likelihood of conflicts • Devise mean to improve communication knowledge sharing • Linkage to financial institutions(Equity, MECRECO)

33. Learning Site – Lessons • Partnerships and technological Innovations • IP formation and multi-stakeholder alliance has built value addition and agro-processing network that strengthens the entire commodity supply chain

34. Learning Site – Lessons • Market information networking • The network system linking farmers to the different actors in the value chains of the IP focused enterprises has demonstrated its relative effectiveness in generating income to IP members • Need for strategic measures to protect poor farmers income when the demand is below the supply • Example linking ChahiIP to PHINTA company held the price of maize above U.S$ 0.25 while the price of maize in the country dropped from U.S$ 0.4 to 0.1 at harvest • Demand for specific technologies • E.g. disease resistant potatoes varieties for crisps • Management of bean seed colour change which reduces price and marketability

35. IAR4D environment and issues addressed for “Proof of concept Policy analysis Dialogue initiation Soil erosion control (Dem&exp) Policy NRM Water quality Formulation of byelaws Taking advantage of policy environment Best ISFM Conflicts resolution Facilitation Research Link to financial institutions: MECREGO, HUNTEX, BPR Best practices (Inorg& org fertiliser, bio-fertiliser) Certification Market Productivity Enterprise diversification Capacity building Post harvest handling Markert Information Value addition Mamera, Kasisksi Road Market organization Introd. of improved Varieties (maize, sorghum, beans Pest & Diseases

36. Early IAR4D Impacts Public goods Inter- Institutional (Networking) Individual Institutional New skills- teamwork; facilitation; Communication; conflict resolutions Changes in outlook on core mandates in light of networking Identification of more acceptable solutions to complex problems e.g. linkage to markets, re-introduction of Kinigi potato variety in Rwanda and acceptance of hitherto rejected Victoria in Uganda Faster product and enterprise development: Mamera -sorghum porridge, Kasikisi juice and wine, Decision Support Tool, Potatoes / Bean; Central facilitating body

37. Reflections on IAR4D Partnerships • Empowers communities to demand services, participation, ownership and sustainable change • Innovation Platforms –institutions (including financial and processors) established and maintains relevant, effective and efficient partnerships • Enhance synergies between institutions within activities for effective delivery of targets • Efficient allocation of local/institutional/regional resources and services-avoids unnecessary competition, duplication and wastage

38. Conclusions • Successful IAR4D requires a functional and efficient linkages system (CPU) of partners and actors to address dynamic facilitation and research issues • Good indications of the benefits / process impacts • Final scientific evidence of the performance of IAR4D approach to be established