America Becomes a Colonial Power

1. America Becomes a Colonial Power

2. 1. Business Interests-new markets and raw materials U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

3. 1. Business Interests American Foreign Trade:1870-1914

4. 2. Military/Strategic Goals Alfred T. Mahan  The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

5. Captain Afred Thayer Mahan A leading expansionist, Captain Alfred T. Mahan, cautioned that the Pacific could "be entered and controlled only by a vigorous contest." As head of the Naval War College, Mahan believed that America's survival depended upon a strong navy.

6. He argued that a strong navy would require island possessions to serve as naval bases. The time had come, Mahan wrote, for Americans to turn their "eyes outward, instead of inward only, to seek the welfare of the country." Mahan Continued

8. 2. Military/Strategic Goals Alfred T. Mahan  The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

9. 3. Social Darwinist Thinking The White Man’sBurden The Hierarchyof Race

11. The White Man's Burden By Rudyard Kipling McClure's Magazine 12 (Feb. 1899). • Take up the White Man's burden-- • Send forth the best ye breed-- • Go, bind your sons to exile • To serve your captives' need;

12. 4. Religious/Missionary Interests American Missionariesin China, 1905

13. 5. Closing the American Frontier

17. Hawaii: "Crossroads of the Pacific"

18. U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

19. U. S. View of Hawaiians Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849 by virtue of economic treaties.

20. Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

21. U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii 1875 – Reciprocity Treaty 1890 – McKinley Tariff 1893 –Americanbusinessmen backed anuprising against Queen Liliuokalani. Sanford Ballard Doleproclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.

22. To The Victor Belongs the Spoils Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

23. Cuba

24. The Imperialist Tailor

25. Spanish Misrule in Cuba

26. Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy

27. “Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism Joseph Pulitzer Hearst to Frederick Remington:You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! William Randolph Hearst

29. What does this one tell us about Yellow Journalism and the causes of war with Spain?

32. De Lôme Letter Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishAmbassador to the U.S. Criticized PresidentMcKinley as weak and abidder for the admirationof the crowd, besidesbeing a would-be politicianwho tries to leave a dooropen behind himself whilekeeping on good termswith the jingoes of hisparty.

33. Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain! Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

34. Remember the Maine Build-up to War •JanB - USS Maine was ordered to Havana harbor •15 Feb - USS Maine mysteriously blew up in Havana harbor •19-20 Apr - War was declared against Spain

35. USS Maine Wreckage

36. More Wreckage

40. War Begins-April 25, 1898!

41. Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy Imperialist and American nationalist. Criticized PresidentMcKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair! Orders the US Pacific fleet to attack the Spanish fleet in the Philippines

42. Dewey Captures Manila!

43. T.R.- The Tough Guy

44. The “Rough Riders”

45. The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War” Cuba falls to US in 3 months

46. The Philippines

47. Dewey Captures Manila!

48. Emilio Aguinaldo Leader of the FilipinoUprising against the Spanish.

49. The Treaty of Paris: 1898 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofGuam. The U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for thePhilippines. The U. S. becomesan imperial power!

50. Of 274,000 men, 5,462 died (362 in battle) and 1,604 were wounded Casualties